India’s Soft Drinks Industry Free Essays

string(75) to the creation forms (‘India: Risk overview’, 2011). india’s soda pops industry list of chapters toc o â€Å"1-3† u section a: logical examination of india and the indian soda pop industry pageref _toc323046458 h 3 presentation pageref _toc323046459 h 3 1. factor conditions pageref _toc323046460 h 4 1. 1 open doors pageref _toc323046461 h 4 1. We will compose a custom exposition test on India’s Soft Drinks Industry or then again any comparable subject just for you Request Now 1. 1 india’s physical assets pageref _toc323046462 h 4 1. 2 dangers pageref _toc323046463 h 6 1. 2. 1 framework pageref _toc323046464 h 6 1. 2. 2 instruction and work pageref _toc323046465 h 6 2. request conditions pageref _toc323046466 h 7 3. related and supporting enterprises pageref _toc323046467 h 9 3. accessibility of related and supporting enterprises pageref _toc323046468 h 9 3. 2 dealing intensity of providers pageref _toc323046469 h 9 3. 3 dealing intensity of purchasers pageref _toc323046470 h 9 4. firm methodology, structure and competition pageref _toc323046471 h 10 4. 1 social effect on firm procedure and structure pageref _toc323046472 h 10 4. 2 contention among existing contenders pageref _toc323046473 h 10 4. 3 danger of new contestants pageref _toc323046474 h 11 4. 4 danger of substitutes pageref _toc323046475 h 12 5. government pageref _toc323046476 h 12 6. job of chance pageref _toc323046477 h 12 end pageref _toc323046478 h 13 section b: basic assessment of porter’s national precious stone model pageref _toc323046479 h 13 references pageref _toc323046480 h 15 section a: logical examination of india and the indian soda industry presentation a. g. barr has been in the sodas business for more than 130 years and is one of the greatest soda pops organization in joined realm (uk) (a. g. barr, 2012). the organization has a long standing achievement in the european market with its famous soda pops, for example, irn-bru, barr and tizer. with a solid hold in the europen advertise, presently a. G. Barr might want to grow their business to different markets. Following The Coca-Cola Company (TCCC) and PepsiCo accomplishment in the Asian market, the organization might want to wander into the soda pops industry in India. The meaning of a soda pop market is the retail offer of filtered water, juices, carbonates, useful beverages, prepared to drink (RTD) tea and espresso, and smoothies (Datamonitor, 2011). As per Datamonitor (2011), the India soda pops showcase is esteemed at $3. 8 million starting at 2010 despite the fact that it accounts just 3. 3% of the general an incentive in the Asia-Pacific market. Japan and China hold the best two situations with a joined piece of the pie of 71. 2% (Datamonitor, 2011). Subsequently, before setting up an activity in India, the organization need to know further subtleties of the neighborhood soda pops industry, for example, the piece of the pie, the client profile, the providers and the contenders. Thusly, the primary reason for this report is to examination the practicality of the India extension and gives appropriate suggestions. The Porter’s Diamond examination, the SWOT investigation and Porter’s 5 Forces investigation will be utilized to assess and grasp the India sodas advertise. . FACTOR CONDITIONS Firstly, we will assess the factor states of India which may fill in as a chance or a danger towards our endeavor into the soda pops industry. 1. 1 OPPORTUNITIES 1. 1. 1 INDIA’S PHYSICAL RESOURCES India is a nation rich of crude materials, assets and land. For this report, we will concentrate on those physical assets that a re basic for the soda pops industry †water, sugar, aluminum, power sources. With a land space of more than 2. 9 million square kilometers (sq km) and a populace of 1. 2 billion individuals, India has just 314,070 sq km of water (CIA World Fact book, 2012). Despite the fact that the Indian government has done numerous things do improved the circumstance by building water plants and water channeling in the urban and country zones, there are as yet around 18. 5% of the populace (226 million) that need access to perfect, drinkable water (CESS INDIA, 2004) With a complex water purging introduced in our soda pops ranch, A. G. Barr can process the messy water into protected, drinkable water and use it for the premise of the last items. Henceforth, A. G. Barr will have the option to offer an elective drinking hotspot for the residents with our soda pops items. Next, with an absolute arable region of around 1. 2 million sq km, farming is the greatest business and assumes a significant job in the financial development of India (Maps of India, 2012). As per Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (2012) and the Maps of India (2012), India is the second greatest world makers of sugarcane (sugar) with around 453 sugar plants found all over India. INCLUDEPICTURE â€Å"http://faostat. fao. organization/DesktopModules/Faostat/Images/T20/ChartPic_3nemzw945otecriq01oo. ng? 3f2841b2-add0-4841-9dc7-5707a2a011f0† * MERGEFORMATINET Table 1: Top Production †Sugar stick 2010 Source: FAO Thirdly, for aluminum, India is the fifth greatest maker on the planet after Australia, Guinea, Brazil and Jamaica (Maps of India, 2012). At long last, to acquire tremendous financial development and a prospering mechanical area, the Indian government has contributed and given top priority to the force division of the country and as of the 21st century, India can produce about 90% of its own vitality through (Maps of India, 2012): Warm/Coal Power Hydro Power Renewable Resources Power Nuclear Power With a large portion of the crude materials and assets promptly accessible in India, the cost for these materials will be generally standard and low. Henceforth, this will bring down the expense of creation. This is a key factor in wandering into the India advertise as A. G. Barr require a gigantic measure of clean water and sugar to deliver the soda items. 1. 2 THREATS 1. 2. 1 INFRASTRUCTURE The framework in India is one of the most risky and problematic on the planet. As expressed beforehand, despite the fact that India can create 90% of its capacity, because of the poor money related situation of many influence gracefully organizations, the influence supplies are consistently conflicting and as often as possible being cut-off (‘India: Risk overview’, 2011). Henceforth, organizations, workplaces and mechanical plants need to have their own back-up power offices to guarantee no interference to the creation forms (‘India: Risk overview’, 2011). You read India’s Soft Drinks Industry in classification Exposition models The street and railroad framework in India is as yet undependable and many traffic clogs are come about because of the deficiency. Container (Asiamoney, 2010) takes note of that while the Indian government are putting US$1 trillion in foundation from 2012 to 2017, political administration and absence of good undertakings are impeding the improvements of framework. Simultaneously, Roy (Euromoney, 2010) reports that while Mr. Rajiv Lall, CEO of state-run moneylender Infrastructure Development Finance Company trusts India foundation has been gradually improving, the trustworthy connection between the open part and the private divisions in framework will prompt debasement and in this manner may impede the movement of huge foundation ventures. In this manner, any organization that desire to wander into India sodas market should spend a sizeable sum on power generator and water cleansing offices. This enormous consumption will put an imprint on the underlying capital venture and A. G. Barr need to consider and anticipate the amount of the consumption to be moved over to the last buyers through the items. 1. 2. 2 EDUCATION AND Labor According to a few associations; CIA (2012), US Department of State (2011) and WEF (2011), India’s proficiency rate is just at 61%. The instruction level in India is low the same number of the populace live in neediness or the droop and incapable to manage the cost of going school. Also, the Indian government absences of arrangement of training is impeding its kin to learn and get information. This outcome in a low gifted workforce and the joblessness rate for youth age 15 to 24 in India is high at 10. 5% (CIA World Fact Book, 2012). While a soda pop organization with high innovation offices and procedures requires representatives with negligible aptitudes, it is as yet fundamental for these laborers have an essential understanding and engine abilities to work the cutting edge, costly hardware. Another finish of the range is those profoundly taught Indians where the data innovation (IT) part is blasting. These IT work force and designers are feasible to our organization as they ready to oversee, manage and reasonable of the higher positioning employments. Thus, to guarantee the laborers recruited have the basic abilities, A. G. Barr should habitually direct preparing programs, aptitudes improvement workshops and have straightforward guidelines which are anything but difficult to follow. 2. Request CONDITIONS With the unwinding of the Indian government strategy on FDIs and outside organizations, the soda pops industry had change massively. As the US and EU markets are exceptionally soaked, organizations are investigating the Asian markets to grow and acquire incomes. Aside from China, Japan and South Korea, India is the fourth driving Asian soda pops showcase and the market is as yet developing and still can't seem to arrive at its immersion point. In 2010, there is a significant interest for soda pops as the market has developed by 10. 4% (Datamonitor, 2011). Datamonitor (2011) even predicts that by 2015, the Indian market will develop to an estimation of $5. 8 million. Table 2 shows the development of India soda pop market from 2006 to 2010. Table 2: India soda pops showcase volume: million liters, 2006â€10(e) Datamonitor (2011) likewise reports that starting at 2010, the sodas business has created complete incomes of $3. 8 billion and with half of the absolute incomes, carbonates deal is th

PhD Thesis

PhD Thesis PhD Thesis PhD ThesisPhD theory is a report on the exploration directed. This report ought to depict what was at that point thought about the issue viable already, what you did to take care of this issue, what you think the outcomes acquired during examination may mean, and how the further advancement in the exploration territory can be made. Remember to survey free article on proposition group, look into paper postulation composing just as read extraordinary guide on composing a theory .To compose PhD proposition effectively, understudies should remember that proposal composing varies much from undergrad composing where they are required to just answer a task. In addition, in undergrad assignments the peruser as a rule realizes what the appropriate response should be. On the off chance that it concerns PhD proposition composing, the peruser doesn't have the foggiest idea what your response to the inquiry will be. You need to introduce your thoughts and reinforcement them with strong proof. Obv iously, your analysts will peruse your PhD proposal. These individuals are specialists in the general field of your subject. Be that as it may, no one yet you is the world master of a specific issue with respect to your exploration subject. That is the reason when composing PhD proposal, remember that you should make the point more clear to the peruser. The style of PhD thesisIt is evident that your content ought to be clear, and your language structure ought to be great. In any case, logical composing requires more than that. Keep your sentences short and straightforward. Obviously, in some cases you should utilize entangled sentences in light of the fact that a thought might be highly confused. Some long specialized words will likewise be essential particularly in the event that you are composing PhD proposal on natural chemistry or the same. All things considered, you ought to consistently recollect that non-local speakers may likewise be perusers of your PhD proposition. That is the reason you should think about effortlessness of your sentences. PresentationSometimes understudies invest a lot of energy in figures, graphs, tables, and so on. In any case, this time may be spent on looking at contentions, making the clarifications more clear, checking the errors, and so forth. The explanation obviously is that it is a lot simpler to attract something than to might suspect how to improve your composition. In reality, a flawless outline might be drawn even by a hand quicker and checked to incorporate it into PhD proposition. On the off chance that you use photos for your PhD theory, consider a suitable pressure group, for example, .jpg (for photographs) or .gif (for charts). Further, you will have the option to spare space or speed by lessening the quantity of hues. This is just the littlest piece of the data you should think about PhD proposal. All things considered, no one yet your director will better disclose you how to set it up effectively.

Gender Stereotypes Essay

Basically, sexual orientation generalizations will be speculations about the jobs of every sex. Sex jobs are commonly neither positive nor negative; they are essentially erroneous speculations of the male and female properties. Since every individual has singular wants, musings, and emotions, paying little mind to their sex, these generalizations are unbelievably oversimplified and don't at all depict the properties of each individual of every sexual orientation. While the vast majority understand that generalizations are false, many despite everything make suspicions dependent on sexual orientation. There are numerous generalizations we may all be liable of, for example, expecting that all ladies need to wed and have youngsters, or that all men love sports. Coming up next is a rundown of the absolute most regular sexual orientation generalizations as they relate to either men or ladies. Recollect that these are generalizations since they guarantee to apply to all men or ladies. Female Gender Stereotypes Sexual orientation generalizations start the second a baby’s sex is discovered. When we discover it’s a young lady, we promptly start enhancing a pink nursery loaded up with delicate dã ©cor and butterflies and blossoms. We accept that our girl will be very â€Å"girly† and fill her storage room with frilly dresses and her toy box with tea sets and dolls. What this is basically doing, despite the fact that numerous guardians don’t acknowledge it, is setting our kid up to be the â€Å"perfect lady,† and showing her how to be the cliché lady. We are training her that young ladies should wear dresses, serve food, and deal with babies; the greatest and most regular generalization put on ladies. Have you at any point viewed a young lady playing house? Indeed, even as youthful as five or six, she is very much aware that she should remain at home with the child while the spouse goes to work, and she eats prepared when he returns home. Here is another generalization; ladies remain at home while men go to work. While there are a million sexual orientation generalizations about females, these are certainly the greatest, and the most bantered by women's activists of today. Some different generalizations include: Ladies should have â€Å"clean jobs†, for example, secretaries, educators, andâ librarians Ladies are medical caretakers, not specialists Ladies are not as solid as men Ladies should get less cash-flow than men The best ladies are housewives Ladies don’t need to head off to college Ladies don’t play sports Ladies are not legislators Ladies are calmer than men and not intended to stand up Ladies should be compliant and do as they are told Ladies should cook and do housework Ladies are liable for bringing up kids Ladies don't have specialized aptitudes and are bad at â€Å"hands on† undertakings, for example, vehicle fixes Ladies are intended to be the maid in trouble; never the saint Ladies should look pretty and be taken a gander at Ladies love to sing and move Ladies don't play computer games Ladies are teases Ladies are never in control Male Gender Stereotypes Generalizing is the same when it’s discovered that a kid is in transit. The nursery is decked out in blue, his storage room is loaded up with little pants, polo shirts, and boots, and the topic is typically something like wilderness creatures or dinosaurs; something extreme. Boys’ toys comprise of trucks, dinosaurs, activity figures, and computer games. From the earliest starting point young men are educated to be extreme, to be defensive, and to shield themselves. Young men are instructed that daddy’s go to work and mommy’s remain at home; from their perspective, young men have a fabulous time and young ladies accomplish all the work. It is safe to say that you are amazed to hear that most guardians concede that they don't show their children how to do tasks, for example, washing dishes or collapsing clothing? Rather, they instruct them to take out the junk and cut the grass; as it so happens young men are made to imagine that specific family unit errands are â€Å"women’s work.† This is a significant generalization, yet most of American householdsâ today would demonstrate this to be valid. Men should do the messy occupations and anything that requires muscle, they are additionally expected to go to work and accommodate the family. Young men see this and the generalization proceeds. Other sex generalizations that erroneously attempt to depict all men are: All men appreciate dealing with vehicles Men are not attendants, they are specialists Men do â€Å"dirty jobs†, for example, development and mechanics; they are not secretaries, instructors, or cosmetologists Men don't do housework and they are not liable for dealing with youngsters Men play computer games Men play sports Men appreciate open air exercises, for example, outdoors, angling, and climbing Men are in control; they are consistently at the top As spouses, men guide their wives Men are languid or potentially muddled Men are acceptable at math It is consistently men who work in science, building, and other specialized fields Men don't cook, sew, or do makes Would you be able to perceive what number of these really are valid for some men or ladies that you know? They may even be valid for you actually, however they don't make a difference to each and every man or lady alive. That is the thing that makes them generalizations; the way that these things are thought of, â€Å"the norm† and expected of each male or female. Every individual is an individual and it is entirely typical for a lady to maintain her own business while a man remains at home with the children. Then again it is additionally entirely adequate for a man to be an attendant or abhor sports, or appreciate cooking. People are people; they are something other than male or female. Our sex is just piece of what our identity is; it doesn't characterize us as individuals.

French Listening Comprehension and Practice Exercises

French Listening Comprehension and Practice Exercises In the event that youd like to improve your French listening cognizance abilities, the activities underneath can assist you with bettering handle the language. Theyâ includeâ a French sound document with an examination control, test, transcript and interpretation. Through and through, there are in excess of 100 listening exercisesâ on this site, extending from straightforward exchanges to top to bottom listening cognizance works out. The most mainstream pages offer commonsense guidance or talk about a person or thing well known. The French Language Accents de FranceFrench differs from nation to nation and from area to district. Find out about a portion of the accents you may experience in France in this sound report from LaGuinguette. French in France Prologue to French in France (vernaculars and standard French) and the Dictionary of French Regionalisms. PatoisDiscussion about vernaculars in France and the two central matters of view on their semantic status. The Patois of Vendà ©ePresentation of certain qualities of the French patois spoken in Vendã ©e. Patois and Regional CharacteristicsDo provincial contrasts in tongue reflect local contrasts in attitude? Starting French DialoguePractice your French listening capacity with this starting level French discourse highlighting welcome and presentations and your selection of velocities: ordinary and moderate. (Camille Chevalier Karfis) The Scary HouseBeginning level of Les portes tordues, a bilingual book recording for starting to middle of the road understudies. (Kathie Dior) The Twisted DoorIntermediate level of Les portes tordues, a bilingual book recording for starting to transitional understudies. (Kathie Dior) The CemetaryIntermediate level of Les portes tordues. (Kathie Dior) Welcome and IntroductionsPractice your French listening capacity with this starting level French exchange highlighting welcome and presentations and your selection of paces: customary and moderate. (Camille Chevalier Karfis) Number Practice Figuring out how to include in French is a certain something - its genuinely simple to memorizeâ un,â deux,â trois. Its another issue totally to have the option to think about a number without checking ready, or to comprehend singular numbers when you hear them. Luckily, careful discipline brings about promising results, and these sound documents can assist you with getting better at comprehension and utilizing French numbers with arbitrary number generators. (Laura K. Uncivilized) Who said no? Middle of the road level of Les portes tordues. (Kathie Dior) Legislative issues and Social Issues Uproars in FranceOn 27 October 2005, riots started in a Parisian suburb and immediately spread across France and even to neighboring nations. In this three-section conversation, a columnist talks about the uproars with two neighborhood seniors in Clichy-sous-Bois who are attempting to quiet down the circumstance. Sã ©golã ¨ne Royal - prà ©sidente?Sà ©golà ¨ne Royal is a communist whoâ worked difficult to become Frances first female president. Find out about her foundation and her battle in this conversation. LETA et le Pays BasqueIntroduction to the history behind the ETA, the Basque dissident development. Le CPEIn January 2006, the French government passed a work change law that started off fights around the nation. Find out about the CPE and why it was so tacky to French understudies and laborers. MitterrandJanuary 2006 denoted the 10-year commemoration of the passing of Franã §ois Mitterrand, the first thus far just communist leader of France. Find out about Mitterrand and a portion of the individuals who cherished him. French Culture Spray painting Spray painting doesn't really rise to vandalism. Its a methods for individual and even masterful articulation. Find out about a portion of the individuals and methods behind spray painting. Le jardin des TuileriesLearn about the acclaimed Parisian park, le jardin des Tuileries, as you deal with your listening appreciation with this three-section conversation. Cest de lamour và ©ritable!Old age doesn't need to mean the finish of living, or in any event, adoring. In this meeting, a 90-year-elderly person shares his contemplations on the best way to get the most outâ of life and love, at any age. La loi EvinLearn about the guideline of publicizing of liquor in France, and the thinking behind it. The travel industry, Shopping, Travel Dining Out lhã'tel ~ At the Hotel Beginning-level French exchange between a lodging assistant and guest.â Le viaduc de Millau Le viaduc de Millauâ was finished in 2004. Find out about its development and wellbeing instruments. Au magasin ~ At the storeBeginning-level French exchange between a client and vendor. Au eatery ~ At the Restaurant Beginning-level French discourse between a server and client. Breakfast ~ Le petit dà ©jeuner Beginning-level exchange between a client and server at breakfast.

Male Dominance free essay sample

We live in a keeps an eye on world. Male ruled and controlled social orders. It may be the case that it has been a social convention, the man was given an all the more impressive and compelling job in the network than ladies and it requires some investment for customs to wear out. Or on the other hand it could be the subject of sex inclination, the conviction that man is more grounded and savvier, along these lines the conspicuous decision for a pioneer. In â€Å"Girls at War† by Chinua Achebe and â€Å"The Collector of Treasures† by Bessie Head, the damaging idea of a male centric culture is investigated through the account voice and the utilization of incongruity. In â€Å"Girls at War†, Achebe utilizes a third-individual and heterodiegetic storyteller. However, the voice is from a male viewpoint. The story centers around the character Reginald Nwankwo and his considerations and activities. This viewpoint doesnt straightforwardly tell about the mischief of male predominance, rather it is dependent upon the peruser to decipher the content and notice the ruins. We will compose a custom paper test on Male Dominance or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Reginald Nwankwo looks at female contribution in the war to youngsters claiming to be troopers. â€Å"He didnt question that the young ladies and ladies paid attention to themselves, they clearly did. Be that as it may, so did the little children who walked all over the lanes at the time boring with sticks and wearing their moms soup bowls for steel head protectors. † (2-3). The ladies in this story are reprimanded by the men for being straightforward and for being what men have made them into, for their own pleasure. Nwankwo plainly shows his inner conflict around there when he muses that, â€Å"He may very well also laid down with a whore It was clear as sunshine to him since she was kept by some military official. What a horrible change † (9). He thinks about the issue without the understanding his part in it. The issues with male centric society are unmistakably talked about in Bessie Heads, â€Å"The Collector of Treasures†. This short story is additionally from a third-individual, heterodiegetic viewpoint, yet the account voice is female and legitimately stands up to the issue. The character, Dikeledi, voices her conclusion about the sort of male that spins out of control in their general public. One that, â€Å"created such hopelessness and turmoil that he could be extensively cursed as evil† (162). Dikeledis spouse Garesego Mokopi is an ideal model a maltreatment of intensity and control. He doesnt care for his better half yet cant handle the idea, â€Å"that another man had a stake in his hen-pen† (169), when he discovers that Dikeledis neighbor, Paul, has been exchanging family unit products for her administrations, just accepting that Paul would just do as such, â€Å"for ladies they fuck† (169). These accounts are the two instances of how a male ruled relationship or society ignores the requirements of the ladies. Incongruity is utilized abundantly in both, â€Å"The Collector of Treasures† by Bessie Head and â€Å"Girls at War† by Chinua Achebe, to uncover the issues that emerge in a male overwhelmed society. In â€Å"Girls at War†, ironicly Nwankwo is the one to get by toward the end while Gladys is murdered. Being a pioneer Nwankwo just attempted to secure himself, while Gladys nobly attempted to spare the youngster fighter. There is a bounty of incongruity in the way that Nwankwo transparently scrutinizes young ladies and their looking for, â€Å"shoes, wigs, pants, bras, makeup and what have you †(7), yet it is actually what he anticipates that ladies should do. He needs Gladys to become, â€Å"the young lady in khaki pants that looked through him at the checkpoint..â † (7), however when he sees her made up in a, â€Å"high-tinted wig and an over the top expensive skirt and a low profile shirt. † (4), he considers her a, â€Å"beauty queen† (4). The situational incongruity in, â€Å"The Collector of Treasures†, is unmistakably appeared through how Dikeledi, â€Å"found gold in the midst of the ash† (161) and opportunity in jail however when she was legitimately free she felt limited by her better half, Garesego. In jail, she is not, at this point a captive to men, rather, â€Å"male detainees gave every lady a plate of porridge and a cup of dark teaâ † (159), getting served by men. All in all, the perils of male strength are unmistakably outlined in Bessie Heads, â€Å"The Collector of Treasures† and Chinua Achebes, â€Å"Girls at War†, using the account voice and incongruity. The two writings show the disappointment of the two people in a man centric culture and the breakdown of relationship it carries with it. The battle for fairness, love and intention is plainly appeared through the ladies in the accounts, while the men are appeared as narrow minded and shallow in their predominance.

What Going Gradeless Taught Me About Doing the “Actual Work”

posted on January 9, 2018 The Revelation When I entered the teaching profession in 1998, I envisioned myself building relationships with students, discussing the intricacies of stories, and inspiring students to explore literature. I imagined my students developing into expressive writers who articulated their deepest thoughts with eloquence. In short, they would become lifelong readers and writers. My first year in the classroom felt like this. I got to know every student. They showed an interest in books. And though their writing needed some structural and mechanical improvement, they were writing. It was a lot of work, but it was an amazing year. However, as the years passed I noticed that my students were losing interest in reading. The discussions were not as in-depth; the writing became more mechanical. It seemed as though I had to threaten students with consequences, such as detentions, phone calls home, and poor grades in order to motivate them. I began to wonder what was going on. Were the kids changing or was it me? In the movie, The Breakfast Club, Richard Vernon, the teacher in charge of detention, complains to Carl, the janitor, about the kids. Carl reveals something that, though missed by Vernon, was quite prolific:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  VERNON                     Carl, don’t be a goof!   I’m trying                     to make a serious point here†¦I’ve                     been teaching, for twenty-two years,                     and each year†¦these kids get more                     and more arrogant.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  CARL                     Aw bull shit, man.   Come on Vern,                     the kids haven’t changed, you have!                     You took a teaching position, ’cause                     you thought it’d be fun, right?                     Thought you could have summer                     vacations off†¦and then you found                     out it was actually work†¦and that                     really bummed you out.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  VERNON                     These kids turned on me†¦they think                     I’m a big **** joke†¦   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  CARL                     Come on†¦ listen, Vern, if you were                     sixteen, what would you think of                     you, huh?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  VERNON                     Hey†¦Carl, you think I give one                     rat’s ass what these kids think of                     me?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  CARL                     Yes, I do†¦ These lines resonated with me. They shook me up. Rewatching this scene felt almost as though Carl was talking directly to me. The kids did not change. I changed. I lost touch. I wasn’t someone that students wanted to listen to and I did care what they thought. Unlike Vern, I realized I lost my focus. I was more interested in keeping a class period busy, justifying the point value of each assignment, how these points would add up to ensure that grades were earned. And, to make my class more rigorous, I scoured student work to find ways to ensure no student earned 100%. I was no longer a teacher. I was a gatekeeper. It was apparent to me because the profession was not as invigorating. I felt detached from my students, and school became a power struggle rather than a learning environment. When I realized this, I decided that I either needed to leave the teaching profession or make some major changes. I shared my concerns with my department and they helped me to explore options that would reinvigorate me and transform my classroom. The Problem I came to the conclusion that it was my grading practice that was driving a wedge between the teacher I was and the teacher I wanted to be. I had turned on the kids. The kids didn’t turn on me. Grades are not an effective tool to communicate learning. Let’s say a student gets an 85% B on an essay. What does the grade suggest? Did the student stop writing and turn in a perfectly written essay when he was 85% into it? Did the student fail to capitalize proper nouns and leave out citations? Was the essay late three days and I deducted 5% for each day it was late? Was it because I was tired of grading essays and simply threw the same score I put on the student’s previous essay? It can be any of these. The problem is, this grade does not tell the student what was done well and what he could do to improve. Not only do they fail to communicate learning, grades are a carrot and stick that neither motivate nor promote learning. They actually diminish it. I discovered â€Å"From Degrading to De-grading,† by Alfie Kohn. In it he argues the negative effects of grades: Grades tend to reduce students’ interest in the learning itself. Grades tend to reduce students’ preference for challenging tasks. Grades tend to reduce the quality of students’ thinking. Grades aren’t valid, reliable, or objective. Grades distort the curriculum. Grades waste a lot of time that could be spent on learning. Grades encourage cheating. Grades spoil teachers’ relationships with students. Grades spoil students’ relationships with each other. It seemed to me as though my focus on grades became the source of my problems. All nine of these were found in my class. The kids didn’t â€Å"turn on me.† I was no longer emphasizing relationships. I wasn’t inspiring. Letter grades and points became a shortcut—a way to avoid the hard work of getting to know my students on a personal level, working with them when they struggle, finding creative ways to encourage and instill wonder. I was avoiding the â€Å"actual work† to which Carl was referring. I came across the work of Ruth Butler. In 1988, she published â€Å"Enhancing and Undermining Intrinsic Motivation.† Butler studied the effect of only comments, comments and grades, and only grades on student performance. What she found was students who received only comments consistently outperformed the other two groups. Ironically, students who received both comments and grades performed about the same (and sometimes worse) as those who received grades only. I learned that comments, comments and grades, and grades impacted the way students saw themselves. Butler suggested those who received comments only were more engaged in the task and viewed the work as either a success or failure. This meant that the work had problems that could be corrected and the student had the power to make these revisions. However, when students receive a grade they were more ego driven and saw success and failure as a reflection of themselves. Thus, when I put a letter or a number on student work I was passing judgment on them. It bothered me that my students saw themselves as either a success or failure and this attitude diminished their desire to try more challenging tasks. If students see themselves as a success, they’re less likely to attempt tasks that could make others see them as a failure. Conversely, if my students perceive themselves failures, they’re less likely to put themselves into situations that reinforce this feeling. Her work forced me to look in the mirror and consider how my grading practices impacted my students. Ultimately, I wanted my students to see learning as a process of ongoing trial and error rather than a judgment of who they are. If my students do not fail they do not learn. How often have I heard students say, â€Å"I suck at math,† or â€Å"I just can’t write,† or even â€Å"I’m a C student†? If my students are going to learn and be challenged, then judgment needs to be eliminated. I had to take action. The Way Out I was easily convinced that I had to eliminate grades. However, this meant that I couldn’t use them to make my students work. So could I engage students without points and letters? Once again, Carl hit the hammer on the head. This is the â€Å"actual work† of a teacher. It became more apparent to me that students need to find value in what they learn. There has to be substance in school. In his book The Schools Our Children Deserve, Alfie Kohn challenges teachers to consider the value of the curriculum. At one point, he questions the purpose of a child knowing how to find the square root of a given number. What is the square root of 93? Kohn’s answer is, â€Å"Who cares?† He suggests that if the child cannot use the information in his daily life then there is no value in the curriculum. However, if it is important for children to know how to solve the square root of a given number then there needs to be a reason. This could be said about anything teachers expect kids to study in school from The U.S. Constitution to Beowulf. Why do students need to know these things? I latched on to the ideas found in Daniel Pink’s book Drive. He suggests three things that motivate someone to learn: Autonomy – The desire to be self-directed Mastery – The urge to get better at something Purpose – The idea that what is being done has meaning I wanted to tap into my students’ â€Å"Drive† and inspire them to achieve greatness. In orders to do this, I had to start with the student’s interests. I had to ask them questions and get to know my students. I needed to provide them with choice and allow them to ask questions they find important and encourage them to seek out the answers. The Challenge Because there are factors beyond our control, not all students will be engaged 100% of the time. Kids struggle with all sorts of challenges such as exhaustion, poverty, abuse, divorce, and all sorts of trauma. And because there are certain things that are essential for kids to understand in order to be responsible members of society, it is the teacher’s call to build a relationship, challenge that student, and let him know we care enough about him that we will not accept anything less than his best, because my students are worth it. One of my favorite movie teachers of all time is Mr. Hand from Fast Times at Ridgemont High. Mr. Hand is able to reach Jeff Spicoli despite his attempts to avoid, disengage, and frustrate  his teacher. At the end of the film, Spicoli is getting ready to go out and celebrate the end of the school year. However, Mr. Hand shows up to his home, sits down with Jeff, and begins discussing the American Revolution. Mr. Hand does not accept any excuses from Jeff. When he claims that he left his book in the locker at school, Mr. Hand pulls out a copy and settles for nothing less than for Spicoli to take the time to read and explain his analysis of the text. Ultimately, Spicoli demonstrates understanding and expresses a sense of pride in his accomplishment. Mr. Hand and Jeff Spicoli from Fast Times at Ridgemont High. Image Source. Mr, Hand holds Spicoli accountable to demonstrate an understanding of the Revolutionary War–and he does this with Spicoli. The greatest lesson Mr. Hand teaches is, and Spicoli understands this, no one is beyond hope. Every student, no matter how difficult, is worth the effort. Learning is something that is done alongside others, not imposed upon. If the learning is essential then students need to be pushed until they get it. What makes teaching difficult is that it requires the teacher to care for the student and see value in the student. Because it is the child that is what is truly important, and this is the lesson that must be learned. Assigning grades was the easy way out of doing the â€Å"actual work† of teaching. They made it easy for me to avoid building relationships and meeting the needs of the individual student. When I eliminated grades it tested my creativity and patience. I was forced to rethink what went on in my class. Students had to take ownership of the class. I had to incorporate individualized learning and lots of voice and choice. I had to replace worksheets, tests, and quizzes with better forms of assessment. I had to make sure that students were engaged and wanted to learn. I had to do the work  with them. I still have students who continue to challenge my patience and push me to my limits. However, I do not look at them as a problem, but rather as an opportunity to become a better teacher. They are a reminder to tap into my inner Mr. Hand, sit down beside them and do the learning with them because they are worth the effort. Aaron BlackwelderAaron Blackwelder is a high school English teacher at Woodland High School in Woodland, WA, and co-founder of Teachers Going Gradeless. He is married and the father of two boys with Autism who have shaped him as an educator. He is passionate about creating learning environments for all students. In his free time, he writes his blog, â€Å"Thinking 101† where he shares his ideas about education. teachersgoinggradeless.com

The Secret Truth on Essay Writing Current Topics Uncovered

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