Preventing a brave New World WK5 assignment Essay

Preventing a brave New World WK5 assignment - Essay Example He argues that whatever scientists call ‘therapeutic cloning’, is the use of embryos as a font of tissues (Kass, 2001, p. 327). He also offers some reasons against cloning which covers both reproductive and therapeutic cloning. In his arguments against cloning, Kass advocates for ethical practice in biomedical projects. His views however, may face some challenges. In this essay, the discussion will cover Kass’ reasons for advocating for a ban on human cloning, and the strengths and weaknesses of his argument. Kass’ Reasons against Human Cloning Kass has four reasons against human cloning. That the process of cloning humans is unethical, because the child to-be is used in an experiment that subjects him or her to risks of developmental and bodily abnormalities. That cloning threatens individuality and confuses identity. The clone is made from a genotype that has already lived. This denies the cloned individual his or her individuality. The process of cloning results in an individual that could be a twin to the person he/she should refer to as a mother or a father. It means the clone’s relation to the parent is confused. That cloning is a way of turning procreation into manufacture, and that it is a major form of child abuse and parental tyranny (Kass, 2001, p. 324-328). Strengths of the Argument Evidence shows that cloning is very risky and expensive. According to Sharma (2007), cloning is inefficient and 90% of attempts fail. Cloned animals have been found to have high rate infection, carcinoma, low immunity levels and some disorders. Even Dolly sheep suffered some abnormalities when it was five years old (Gupta, 2004, p. 256). Evidence also shows that cloned animals’ genomes are compromised and some of them behave abnormally. They also suffer from congenital abnormalities due to programming errors. Some cloned animals die young (Sharma, 2007, p. 167). The concept of cloning supports the argument on identity and individu ality. The process involves removal or deactivation of a nucleus from an unfertilized egg and introduction of a somatic cell nucleus from a selected adult (Levine, 2009, p. 9). This means that the cloned individual will not have the natural genetic distinctiveness and independence. Procreation has indeed been turned into a manufacturing process. Levine indicates that cloning technology already has commercial uses with many private companies and academic scientists owning various patents. These patents cover various elements of derivation of human embryonic stem cells, and nuclear transfer technique (Levine, 2009, p. 144). Weaknesses of the Argument Different people have different views on what is wrong or right. Arguments against cloning, therefore, that procreation has been turned into a manufacturing process, that cloning leads to the production of abnormal babies, and that the cloned individual may lack identity and individuality; may all not be considered unethical by some peopl e. Some may argue that malformed, unhealthy and abnormal children are born every year due to various factors. Some may argue that Kass’ arguments do not consider the goodness of well-being. Some may argue that considering the advantages of well-being over disadvantages could be more appropriate (The President's Council on Bioethics, 2002). Conclusion Cloning should be banned based on the reasons given by Kass. Apart from

Property And Asset Division Essay Example for Free

Property And Asset Division Essay ABSTRACT This paper intends to set a simple structure in order to investigate the role of property and asset rights in the case of a legal separation. This paper also lays stress upon the role that the laws of alimony and property division can play in formulating the divorce decisions and allocations of assets even in the case of a existing marriage. INTRODUCTION it is commonly believed that certain changes within the Divorce Laws and regulations have led to the increasing number of divorces occurring today, especially when the Law allows one partner to unilaterally ask for a matrimonial dissolution lacking the approval of the other partner. People also felt that a continued liberalization of the Divorce laws would further increase the divorce rate. However, this is not true. The laws on property division, both within a marriage and after divorce also play a very important part in the filing of a divorce. Moreover, the continuously simplifying procedures and easily available legal aid is also the factor behind the increasing number of divorce incidents. This paper throws light upon the general property rights that are involved within a legal separation.   The Divorce Laws presents some rights with regards to the dissolution of a marriage, and these are related to the property rights of both the partners. At times, such rights can me traded or at times can also be included within the dissolution agreement. For instance, a Law that allows one partner to take a divorce, is very different from the one the Law that needs the consent of both the partners. If the husband wishes to separate his ways, and if his profit from the divorce is more, then according to a Mutual Consent, both the partners agree to divorce and the husband has to pay the compensation to his wife. In this case, it is said that the wife has sold her marriage rights. Whereas, in the case of a one sided law, if the gain of the husband is small than the loss of the wife, then the wife needs to compensate the husband for not asking for a separation. In this case, it is said that the husband has sold his marriage rights. The conclusion of this discussion is that the split-up does not depends on the law, but on the comparative size of the gains and losses of divorce. This argument given above allows for the evolvements of property rights in a divorce. Thus property and assets once mutually held by both the couple, become a type of compensation which can be paid. The property laws assume that in the absence of any type of compensation that has been mutually formed, or any agreed transfer, there is a well laid out criterion for the allocation of property and resources held jointly. After the divorce has been granted by the court, it depends upon the couple to divide the property. This can be done even of one partner seeks the division of the marital property. The couples are free to settle the property issues outside court if they wish to do so. To remember some important facts about Property Division law regarding a divorce, are that there are some kinds of properties that cannot be divided by the court. The properties that come under this ruling are inherited properties, gifts, business and professional licenses and property inherited by the partners before marriage is not subjected to a division. Also, it should be noted that there are certain matters that are upheld by the Property Division law that decide the division of property between the two parties. Monetary issues, contributions by each partner to the household, tax penalty in case of an imbalanced partition; labors of a partner to safeguard and augment the value of the joint property; efforts by a spouse to waste assets; the physical conditions and health of each partner, and the economic situation of each partner are some of the major issues that drive the format of the Property division in the case of a divorce.   The next section discusses the Property Rights and Family law. PROPERTY RIGHTS AND FAMILY LAW Marital or commonly referred to as community property is defined by different rules by different states, but overall, it includes the assets and property that were acquired jointly by the couple at the time of marriage and during the marriage. The wages that are earned by each of the couple, home, furniture, cars and other household items that are purchased during this period are marital property. Neither of the partner has the right to keep these things entirely without the consent of the other partner. If the property is in the name of one spouse, then it is also not necessary that it is not a marital property.   Similarly, a pension is also regarded as a marital property, even though it is gained in the name of only one spouse from his working place. In some cases, pensions may be regarded as non marital, seeing to the financial and health conditions of the spouse earning it. The money that was earned mutually is regarded as marital property while the money earned before marriage is non-marital. Division of Marital Property In some states, there are very simple rules regarding division of marital property. According to some marital laws, it is believed that marriages are a joint undertaking and that the marital property should be equally divided between the two spouses and it is assumed that both the spouses are an equal contributor to the acquirement and conservation of property. However, the court understands that the contributions may be of different nature, but in any case, they may be treated equally. The spouse who earns money will not receive more of property than the homemaker, unless the husband and wife had a premarital agreement stating otherwise. In some other countries and states, it is not a fifty-fifty situation. The Law considers a number of factors and gives each factor a weight age according to the situation. However, this gives more flexibility to the process of property and assets division. Any property or a physical asset may belong to both the partners or only one. In case, when the couple has a disagreement on a particular asset and how should it be used, then in this case, the current state law of martial issues hold the authority to decide the matter. These laws relating to division of marital property differs from one country to other, and keeps changing with time. There are examples of these property laws showing dramatic changes in the character of property rights within marriage over the course of a time period; where from having almost complete power over family unit property, a husband can now be disqualified from his own house. Comparable transformations have occurred in English law, leading to the Married Womens Property Act of 1870. Here are some factors stated in the Law for equitable distribution of assets and property. Here are some examples of factors that are considered by states applying principles of equitable distribution of property: Non-marital Property- if in case, one spouse inherits more non-marital property, then the other spouse can be in favor of getting a larger portion of the marital property upon division. As the Law, states, â€Å"courts are not obliged to give equal amounts of property to each spouse, but if the parties have sufficient assets to leave each party in a comfortable situation after the divorce, courts usually will try to do so.† Earning Power- The spouse with less earning power will be given more benefit during the property and other asset division by the court. Courts states that, â€Å" the party with greater earning power can regain money lost in a divorce more easily than the party with less earning power†. Who Earned the Property- in these cases, the benefit is gained by the spouse who worked hard to earn the property. For example, the family business which was run by the husband goes to him, only of the family property and the business is of almost same value. The home in this case goes to the wife. Services as a Homemaker- The court recognizes that ding the household chores are also work and in addition it gives freedom to the other spouse to go out and earn for the family. Law gives attention to the fact if a homemaker had impaired his or her professional career in order take care of the house hold. If the spouse can show that he or she had missed the opportunity of earning, then the court favors to giving more of the property to the home maker spouse. Waste and Dissipation- the court also analyzes the fact if any spouse has wasted money during the marriage and this can go against him or her during the property division time. . This issue us also called as economic fault, rarely considered by courts. According to the court, â€Å"Waste or dissipation could include gambling losses, significant sums of money given to family members (particularly over the protest of the other spouse), and money spent on pursuing romantic relationships outside the marriage.† Also added are the business losses which are considered as waste or dissipation, however at times they might be considered as normal business risks and the spouse is normally not penalized. Faults- Law also considers any type of spousal abuse or marital infidelity, when considering the case of marital property division. Most of the state courts however do not give much stress to this issue during property division. In the past, majority of the divorce cases were based upon faults by either of the partners, and the divorcà © was settled upon this fault by the spouse and highly affected the property division. However , today, courts decide the property division cases primarily on the economic factors when separating property and pay less concentration to who-did-what-to-whom. Duration of Marriage- in this case, if the marriages are long, then the court favors the spouse with less wealth or earning power. The longer the marriage, the more likely a court is to view the husband and wife as equal partners. Age and fitness of Parties- if one of the person is suffering from bad health or is much older than the other spouse, then he or she is in favor of getting a larger award. According to the court,† When the factor is mentioned by a court, it most often is in connection with an older wife whose ability to earn money is diminished by her age and health. The factor can apply to men too, particularly if the man is of an age at which it is not reasonable to assume that he can go out and re-earn a substantial amount of assets if his wife were given a majority of the marital assets. In such a case, an equal division of assets would be more likely†. Tax penalty- The tax consequences in the event of a marital property division is considered by the court. Suppose for example, if the house or the stocks acquired are being sold as a part of the property division, the person who ends up paying more tax as payment of capital gains tax, the Law will consider this and will try to favor the party during the division. On the contrary if the property settlements leads to some kind of tax benefit, the party which acquires a majority of the profits may be in a stringer position to receive a less part of the property. Premarital Agreements. A printed premarital agreement, can be a winning card in dividing the marital property between the partners. By ingoing into a premarital accord, the wife and husband have decided to surrender their rights to have a court consider the customary group of factors in dividing property. As a substitute, the parties through their contract have determined in advance how their property should be divided in the event of a divorce. Custody of Children – this issue might fall under a very narrow spectrum of property rights if viewed closely, since the assets and property has to be later devoted for the cause of children, therefore, responsibility of children and their custody is also a part of this issue. As an example, in England, before the Child Custody Act of 1839 a wife, even if divorced and separated from her husband, was offered no custody or visiting rights to her children and other family members. Ever since, the laws have changed significantly. Effect of bankruptcy – the settlements of marital assets and property might be dischargeable in liquidation or bankruptcy, or in case, it might not be dischargeable, depending on the essentials of the divorce case. A discharge in bankruptcy means, â€Å"all of a debt or a portion of a debt no longer has to be paid because a federal court has declared the debtor to be bankrupt†. Before 1994, many former spouses found themselves out of luck after the divorce when seeking to collect what was due, because their former spouses declared themselves bankrupt after divorce. For example, a couple, may have agreed to a divorce based on a promise from the husband that three years after the divorce, he would pay the wife some mutually agreed amount of money as part of the property settlement. If the husband declared bankruptcy after the divorce was finalized, the wife might never be able to get the said money. This arrangement, particularly in cases in which the debtor is technically bankrupt (owing more money than the debtor has assets) was seen as a potential unfairness by the Congress, as the debtor has the capacity to pay the debts to the ex-spouse. The law was then modified, the new law, which took effect in 1994, started allowing the bankruptcy court to weigh the situation between the parties. If there are reasons to believe that the so called bankrupt debtor has enough means, property and income to pay the debt to the ex-spouse, in addition to his or her dependents’ basic support then the debtor is bound to pay the debt to ex-spouse. If it is found or proved that the debtor truly does not have enough money for the basic support of the debtor and his or her dependents, then all or a part of the debt may be discharged in bankruptcy. Although in appropriate circumstances, a bankruptcy court has the power to discharge, partially or fully, a debt owed in a property settlement, the court cannot discharge past-due payments for alimony or child support. For reducing future alimony and child support, a debtors bankruptcy may be a ground, but it certainly does not qualify for discharging part or full past-due alimony and child support. CONCLUSION The marital community may end in several ways- annulment, death of spouse, divorce, separate maintenance and separate living agreement. In all these cases, however, the above mentioned laws are useful for resolving the property division issues. REFERENCES 1. Becker, Gary (1991) A Treatise on the Family , Cambridge, Harvard University Press. Becker, Gary, Landes, Elizabeth, and Michael, Robert (1977), An Economic Analysis of Ma rital Instability, Journal of Political Economy, 85(6), 1141-1187. Clark, S. (1998). Law, Property, and Marital Dissolution. University of Edinburgh, Department of Economics, Discussion Paper. Clark, S. (1999). Law, Property, And Marital Dissolution. Economic Journal ,, forthcoming. Coase, R.H. (1960). The Problem of Social Cost, Journal of Law and Economics, (3) , 1-44 Friedberg, Laura (1998). Did Unilateral Divorce Raise Divorce Rates? Evidence from Panel Data, American Economic Review, 88(3), 608- 627. Gibson, Colin S (1994) Dissolving Wedlock , London, Routledge. Rowthorn, R.E. (1998). Marriage and Trust: Some Lessons from Economics, Cambridge Journal of Economics, forthcoming. Smith, Ian (1997) Explaining the Growth of Divorce in Great Britain, Scottish Journal of Political Economy , 44(5), 519-544. Thomson J.M. (1986) Family Law in Scotland, 2nd ed, Edinburgh, Butterworths. Brinig, Margaret and Allen, D ouglas. (2000). These Boots Are Made for Walking: Why Most Divorce Filers Are Women. American Law and Economics Review , 2, 126-69. 9. Chiappori, Pierre-Andre, Bernard Fortin and Guy Lacroix (2002) Marriage Market, Divorce Legislation and Household Labor Supply, Journal of Political Economy.

Evil Mother in Rebecca Rushs Novel Kelroy :: Rebecca Rush Kelroy Essays

Evil Mother in Rebecca Rush's Novel Kelroy Rebecca Rush's novel Kelroy is an exceptional novel on mannerisms in the nineteenth century. Mrs. Hammond is the key character in this novel. The plot and characters all seam to inner relate with her. In this novel, Mrs. Hammond is seen as an evil, conniving woman. There are many twists and turns in this novel, but there is one thing that is constant, and that is that Mrs. Hammond motives are to take care of herself and secure her own future, and according to her it doesn't matter how she doses this or who she uses to her benefit. The novel begins with Mrs. Hammond trying to figure out how she couldtake care of her two daughters and live the lifestyle that she has become accustomed, when she is left widowed, with little money. And figure it out she did. She came up with a precise plan on how to exactly go about doing this. The key was to marry her daughters off to wealthy men so they would be taken care of and, most important, so would she. The plan was for her to educate her daughters and keep them in seclusion until they were of the age to marry. She only had a little bit of time to accomplish her goals before her money ran out. When they were old enough, she through the biggest and best parties. Her plan seamed to work out well because it didn't take long for Lucy to become engaged to Lord Walsingham. According to Mrs. Hammond this was a perfect match. He was a handsome, rich man from a good British family. Now with the fate of Lucy solved, Mrs. Hammond only had to focus on Emily. As a reader reading this book you would think this would be no problem. Emily was the prettier than her sister, and sweeter too. She was not only beautiful she was smart, although she tended to think with her heart instead of her head. Instead of the beautiful, youngest, well know Hammond girl falling in love, or becoming engaged to a wealthy man that Mrs.

The new look of your magazine

Change in an organized is normally geared towards improving its service delivery. Change in business development requires thorough planning and responsive implementation. Employees of the company need to be consulted, about the changes and they input taken in. Change has to be realistic, attainable and measurable, these factors are important especially when considering business development change.[1] A product can always be enhanced in one way or another. The new look of your magazine This article is in response to your organizational changes that the company has initiated geared towards business development. It is very encouraging that your magazine one of the best in the country has final agreed to have a new look   This will go along way in achieving the company business aims and objective, and of course create new markets as more will be attracted to the new look of the magazine. For long time readers have bean longing for a change in your fortune magazine. In this modern world people are always looking for new ideas, and new products.[2] For the next five it is certain that your company will focus on improving the face of your magazine to reflect the changing moments. As noted society is dynamic and always changing, thus, it is well thought of you to have a five year plan of changing the magazine look as it will reflect the changing society. How you are different Your organization has continued to be outstanding because of its creativity and originality. The magazine produces features and articles with are informative, educative and entertaining. As opposed to other players on the market your articles are always well researched and very relevant to the society. The other unique feature about your organization it is quality; the magazine is produced with high quality that gives the reader a pleasure in reading, clear pictures and quality printing make your magazine to have high clarity and even a person will be able to review a magazine he/she bought two years ago. With the fast changing world of technology I appreciate the effort your company is making to ensure that it is at the cutting edge of technology. This of course proves your company objective of being market leaders in market. Customers’ views Customer satisfaction is very important issue. In the same line many customers fell that your company have done well in this area. The company customer care services are efficient and effective as it responds promptly to customers complaints. Another issue that your company has scored a plus is in being able to feature varying and thrilling articles that customers enjoy to read. The company has continued to be dynamic and has high standards in terms of production sales and marketing, this is according to the customers. The role of the media is reflect what goes around the society, to this end the customers are happy because your articles are able to reflect what happens in the society. Concerning the on going changes, the customers are impressed with the new look of the magazine. They say it more refreshing and well organized. Since the changes are projected to run for a long time, they are prepared for more refreshing looks of the magazine. Their only complaint is that the company should enlarge the magazine at it is too good to be that small. Employees’ views It is good to note that your company has a five year plan of making changes. As Timothy notes change is a continuous process and should be welcomed[3]. Change is a core issue in your organization. Through, change the organization is able to respond to its customer’s requirements. The change that the company has initiated will go along way in general improvement of your company and profitability. As the company’s employees ascertain, the changes that the company has initiated are good and well overdue. The employees are happy to undertake the changes in the organization because their views were incorporated in making the changes. The employees further express satisfaction because the company value’s their contributions. Before any organization implements a successful change it must prepare its employees well, in your company the employees say that, they were well trained before the proposed changes, in order to implement them.[4] According to your employees, the company has a well communication structure that enables free flow of information. This has created efficiency in the company organization. It is important to note that poor communication leads to anxiety and confusion, which affects production negatively. In summary you have a satisfied staff. Organization performance Fortune magazine has continued to perform well in the market. The company sales have improved in the recent years and continue to increase this can be attributed to sound management of the organization coupled by better marketing methods. Though, today the media market is saturated, the company has maintained its market by providing well researched articles and high quality production. In this fast moving business environment it has become increasingly necessary for the organization to embrace change especially in its design of the magazine and marketing strategies, in order to maintain competitive edge. The results are being enjoyed by your company. I remain optimistic that your company will continue making improvement in its magazine. Conclusion Success of a business depends on how it faces new challenges that come due to change technology or new markets demands that arise every day. Business development changes are geared towards capturing or maintaining the market share and should always be accompanied by good planning and a well market research. References Maund, L. (2001): An Introduction to Human Resource Management: Theory and Practice: Macmillan, Palgrave Palmer, I and Akin, G. (2006): Managing organizational change; a multiple perspectives approach, Mcgraw- Hill Irwin Timothy, G. J. (1996): The Human Side of Change. San Francisco, California: Jossey-Bass Inc., Publishers. [1] Palmer, I and Akin, G. (2006): Managing organizational change; a multiple perspectives approach, Mcgraw- Hill Irwin [2]Maund, L. (2001): An Introduction to Human Resource Management: Theory and Practice: Macmillan, Palgrave [3] Palmer, I and Akin, G. (2006): Managing organizational change; a multiple perspectives approach, Mcgraw- Hill Irwin [4] Palmer, I and Akin, G. (2006): Managing organizational change; a multiple perspectives approach, Mcgraw- Hill Irwin      

Math and Psychology

The Use of Statistics in Psychology Author: The Role of a Psychologist I believe the role of a psychologist is to help people understand the underlying cause of abnormal or detrimental behavior and give them the tools to modify or change the behavior or the underlying issues. Statistics is the study, collection, organization and interpretation of data. My first thought when I read that I needed to take a course in statistics to get my bachelors degree in psychology, was â€Å"Why do I have to take a course in statistics and what does that have to do with wanting to help people? I could not believe there was a reason to use a form of math outside of the math needed to run a normal business. I was planning to use an accountant for that sort of math, so why did I need to know anything beyond the basics? Where was the correlation between statistics, of all things, and psychology? My first psychology instructor, assured us that statistics was a necessary tool to a psychologist and that a s we went further in the course, we would learn more about how to use that tool. I decided to reserve myI believe there are two main uses for statistics in the field of psychology. ? I believe statistical data is used in psychological research. For instance it may be used to answer a hypothesis. It is used to determine if the hypothesis is proven to be true or false. In other words, statistics may be used as a scientific way of answering some questions. ? An example of this in psychology might be the hypothesis that an abused child may grow up to abuse their children unless they get some sort of counseling.Statistical data taken from 300 psychologist case files shows that of the 300 abused children, 190 of them had at least 1 parent who was abused as a child. Additionally, in 72 cases both parents had been abused as children. Of the 300 cases, only 32 children had parents who either had not been abused as children or who declined to answer the question. I feel this study shows signi ficant statistical data that the hypothesis that abused children may grow up to abuse their children without some sort of counseling is true. The second use of statistical data in the field of psychology is by the clinical psychologist. A clinical psychologist must review published research studies to keep abreast of the latest scientific information that may pertain to their cases. These studies provide statistical analysis of the data and in some cases how issues were resolved. If a treatment is successful in a statistically significant number of cases, it might be a treatment that is implemented in a similar case.To double a recipe of Ratatouille Let’s take a look at the ingredients for the original recipe: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ 2 cups diced peeled eggplant 2 cups sliced zucchini 1/2 teaspoon salt 1 1/3 cups uncooked spiral pasta 1 cup sliced onion 1 tablespoon olive oil 1 (14. 5 ounce) can d iced tomatoes, undrained 2 tablespoons tomato paste 1 teaspoon dried oregano 1/2 teaspoon garlic powder 1/2 teaspoon dried basil Dash pepper 1 cup shredded part-skim mozzarella cheeseTo double the quantities of items with a whole number amount is easy, but what about those fractions? Let’s focus on the 1 1/3 cups uncooked spiral pasta. To double that, we multiply by 2. 1 1/3 x 2 Change each fractional amount to an improper fraction. = 4/3 x 2/1 Multiply numerator times numerator and denominator times denominator to get: = 8/3 Now simplify. = 2 2/3 cups of pasta References Ratatouille Pasta. (2009). Allrecipes. Retrieved April 10, 2009, from http://allrecipes. com/Recipe/RatatouillePasta/Detail. aspx

SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry

SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry With an acceptance rate of 54% in 2016, SUNY ESF has largely accessible admissions. Successful applicants will generally have B-averages and standardized test scores within or above the ranges posted below. To apply, those interested will need to submit an application, personal statement, official high school transcripts, and scores from either the SAT or the ACT. If you have any questions or concerns about applying, be sure to contact the admissions office at SUNY ESF. Admissions Data (2016): SUNY College of Environmental Science Acceptance Rate: 54%Test Scores 25th / 75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: 520 / 630SAT Math: 550 / 630SAT Writing: - / -What these SAT numbers meanACT Composite: 23  / 27ACT English: 22  / 28ACT Math: 23  / 27What these ACT numbers mean SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry Description: The State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry is a specialized environmental management and sustainability college with its main campus located in Syracuse, New York, and several satellite campuses across central New York and the Adirondack Mountains area. The 17-acre main campus sits on Syracuse’s University Hill overlooking downtown Syracuse and Onondaga Lake. ESF has a 15 to 1 student faculty ratio and offers 22 undergraduate and 30 graduate degrees in the sciences, engineering and forestry. Within the undergraduate program, the most popular areas of study are environmental biology, conservation biology and landscape architecture. The most common graduate programs include forest management and operation and environmental physiology. Students are actively involved on campus, participating in nearly 25 student clubs and organizations. The ESF Mighty Oaks compete in cross-country, golf, soccer and basketball in the United States Collegiate Athl etic Association and have a long tradition in intercollegiate woodsman competitions. Enrollment (2016): Total Enrollment: 2,186  (1,751 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 54% Male / 46% Female98% Full-time Costs (2016 - 17): Tuition and Fees: $8,103  (in-state); $17,953 (out-of-state)Books: $1,200 (why so much?)Room and Board: $16,110Other Expenses: $1,050Total Cost: $26,463  (in-state); $36,313 (out-of-state) SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry Financial Aid (2015- 16): Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 89%Percentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 82%Loans: 57%Average Amount of AidGrants: $7,104Loans: $6,922 Academic Programs: Most Popular Majors:  Conservation Biology, Environmental Biology, Environmental Science, Landscape Architecture, Wildlife Science. Transfer, Graduation and Retention Rates: First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 85%Transfer Out Rate: 20%4-Year Graduation Rate: 60%6-Year Graduation Rate: 74% Intercollegiate Athletic Programs: Mens Sports:  Golf, Basketball, Cross Country, Track and Field, SoccerWomens Sports:  Soccer, Track and Field, Cross Country Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics Explore Other SUNY Campuses: Albany  |  Alfred State  |  Binghamton  |  Brockport  |  Buffalo  |  Buffalo State  |  Cobleskill  |  Cortland  |  Env. Science/Forestry  |  Farmingdale  |  FIT  |  Fredonia  |  Geneseo  |  Maritime  |  Morrisville  |  New Paltz  |  Old Westbury  |  Oneonta  |  Oswego  |  Plattsburgh  |  Polytechnic  |  Potsdam  |  Purchase  |  Stony Brook If You Like SUNY CESF, You May Also Like These Schools: Cornell University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphSyracuse University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of Vermont: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity at Albany: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphIthaca College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphJuniata College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphClarkson University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphDrexel University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphBinghamton University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT Graph

The State of American Workers.

The State of American Workers. The heart of America has always been, at least in my opinion, the attitudes of the people and the speed of industry. Great men like Carnegie and Rockefeller have changed the face of America and the industries within. This country has always been strong in industry. American workers helped build the tallest buildings, the most powerful ships and shape an economy that Donald Trump would appreciate. As the country became more populated the growth of industry boomed. Years later we are still a strong country, but the heart of Americans and their attitude towards work has changed drastically. With the rise of unemployment in America, it seems apparent that the occupation most desired is unemployment. Our economy is struggling to stay afloat and yet, there are thousands of jobs lost every day. How will the country survive another depression? The proceeding paper will talk about the status of American workers, unemployment and shared comments of what should be done to make our economy stron g again.United StatesAmerican workers 3My grandfather has always said, "Nothing in life is free boy, you've gotta work hard for what you want and you've gotta work hard to keep it." I believe that is a true statement in many ways. In my grandfathers' day, most people were poor. The average worker in the 1920's was a farmer or factory laborer of some kind. Poverty was a part of many American lives. Many young men and women turned to crime in order to support themselves as well as their families. The status of American workers has come along way since the depression. Some of that distance we have traveled has not been positive. We've had major scandals from well-respected investors like Enron (Isn't it ironic how the letter "E" was crooked?) as well as insurance scams.

Personal Customs Exemptions for Returning Canadians

Personal Customs Exemptions for Returning Canadians If you are a Canadian resident or temporary resident of Canada returning to Canada from a trip outside the country, or a former Canadian resident returning to live in Canada, you may qualify for a personal exemption to bring a certain value of goods into Canada without having to pay the regular duties. You will still have to pay duties, taxes and any provincial/territory assessments on the value of goods above your personal exemption. Children, even babies, are entitled to a personal exemption. A parent or guardian can make a declaration on the childs behalf as long as the goods being declared are for the childs use. The amount you claim for your personal exemption must be reported in Canadian dollars. Use a foreign exchange converter to change foreign currencies into Canadian dollars. The personal exemption for returning Canadian residents depends on the length of time you have been outside of Canada. The personal exemptions for Canadian residents have been increased effective June 1, 2012. The new exemption limits go up to CAN$200 from CAN$50 for absences of 24 hours or longer, and up to CAN$800 if youre out of the country longer than 48 hours. After a 7-day absence, you are allowed to include goods that will follow you by mail or another delivery method. Outside Canada for Less Than 24 Hours No exemption. Outside Canada for 24 Hours or More If you are outside Canada for 24 hours or more, you may claim a personal exemption of up to CAN$200 worth of goodsthe goods must accompany youtobacco or alcohol may  not be claimed in this exemption Note: If you bring in goods worth more than CAN$200 in total, you cannot claim this exemption. Instead, you have to pay full duties on all the goods you bring in. Outside Canada for 48 Hours or More If you are outside Canada for 48 hours or more, you may claim a personal exemption of up to CAN$800 worth of goodsthe goods must accompany youyou can include some tobacco products and alcohol, but only a partial exemption may apply to cigarettes, tobacco products or manufactured tobacco. Outside Canada for 7 Days or More To calculate the number of days you have been outside Canada for the purposes of this personal exemption, do not include the day you left Canada but do include the day you returned. If you are outside Canada for 7 days or more, you may claim a personal exemption of up to CAN$800 worth of goodsyou can include some tobacco products and alcohol, but only a partial exemption may apply to cigarettes, tobacco products or manufactured tobacco.alcohol and tobacco products must accompany youother goods do not need to accompany you when you cross the border.

Article Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 9

Article Critique - Essay Example Similarly, signs like nervousness and agony lower life quality. The study mainly targets women from stage zero to stage three of breast cancer. Related literature evidence demonstrates that psychoeducational help and combinatory therapies for women living with breast cancer condition, such as self- management skills development to handle the condition better, are not well provided globally. Therefore, one crucial strategy to aid women living with breast cancer is through mindfulness cultivation. Mindfulness, which includes creating attention and creating awareness every time in a nonjudgmental manner) is an effective way, (Hoffman, Ersser, Hopkinson, Nicholls, Harrington & Thomas, 2012). Similarly, studies shows that mindfulness-based program of reducing stress benefits have been investigated in pro-longed health conditions such as severe pain, nervousness, prolonged stress and psychological signs as well as in mood patients with overall cancer conditions and insomnia. Although the m ethodological approach targeted all researches either because of challenges like small size of the sample, no randomization or analysis for treatment intention or treatment hindered by poor reporting was reported. Body analysis The article hypothesis is that mindfulness-based strategy of reducing stress is more effective than other hospital therapies such as chemotherapy, surgery and other hospital interventions. ... Study sample of the research was obtained by recruiting patients for more than fifteen months from the Haven. Eligibility assessment was done through inclusion criteria for instance, patients diagnosed with stage zero to stage three of breast cancer, between the age of 18 years and 80 years who knew of their diagnosis of cancer. The study was done on women who were capable of completing the questionnaires and in the second year of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiography completion. The study excluded women diagnosed with breast cancer stage four, men, patients who could not speak or understand English, could not sign informed consent because of psychosis, mental problem, addicted to drugs, misused substances, and had thoughts of committing suicide. After patients signed informed consent, some were subjected to mindfulness-based programs of reducing stress and others received wait-listed control. Randomized assignment was conducted in 229 women by the organizational operations director through an externally randomization program generated through the computer in groups of four to ensure concealment of allocation as no physician could direct respondents allocation. The researcher doing the research and introducing the mindfulness-based program of stress reduction could not be restricted to participant’s either allocation to control or treatment sample. Questionnaires and patient interviews , as well as mood states profiles, breast cancer therapy functional assessment, cancer therapy symptoms of endocrine functional assessment and WHO five item questionnaire of well-being assessing mood, life quality at zero, eight and twelve weeks were used. These equipment’s produced varied results that were later analyzed and generalized to fit the sample size. The

Interview With Winnie Francois Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Interview With Winnie Francois - Essay Example The first question I have asked Winnie Francois consisted in the ethical values which are of a great importance for the leaders of the non-profit organizations. Winnie said that there were various approaches to develop ethics within Meals on Wheels. The ethical values are incredibly important, he gave an emphasis, due to the reason that the key aim of any non-profit organization is not to accumulate the financial assets and income, but help those who are in need. The ethical values which have been put on the basis of the Broward Meals on Wheels are connected with the intention to help without having any benefits of the financial character. Thus, Winnie claimed, the main ethical value of our work consists in the understanding that we work to help and assist. The leaders of the non-profit agency, Broward Meals on Wheels, Winnie said were full on enthusiasm and exercised the active approach to the design of ideas and ways how to have the good intentions to be turned to life. Broward Mea ls on Wheels serves as an important mechanism and the brightest example of how the non-profit organization has to work. Another ethical value, as Winnie Francois has a conviction, consists in the desire to unite the major stakeholders and charity organizations in order to follow the common aim which comprises of the numerous approaches and means to help and make it on the constant basis. This value requires, certainly, much attempt to be done, since the search of the agents willing to help is a very complicated and long-termed task.

Plato - Apology (Five Dialogues) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Plato - Apology (Five Dialogues) - Essay Example Therefore, the form is not a mere idea of roundness in the mind. It exists independently from the basketball and individual thinking of it. It then follows that all round objects, including basketball, copy or participates in this form of roundness. To enhance our understanding of the difference between the properties of forms and those of material objects, there is need to examine the first two properties of forms. Forms are transcendent, that is, they do not exist in time and space. However, a material object, like a basketball, exists in time and space. The roundness of a form does not exist at any particular time or place, thus forms subsist in different ways. This is important as it explains the unchanging property of forms. The roundness property of a basketball will never change: it remains the same at all places and times of instantiation. The form of roundness in present in many spatial locations, and the property or roundness would remain even after the destruction of all r ound objects (192). The second property of forms is purity. Any material object, like a basketball, has various properties: elasticity, roundness, and others, which combine to make the individual basketball. A form is one of the many properties, existing individually apart from time and space. Roundness is purely roundness, without any mixture of properties. The differentiation factors between forms and material objects are pure and transcendent properties, as materials incorporate complex conglomeration of properties in time and space. According to Plato’s principle, humans believe that the reality of a thing dependents on its objectivity. This is because humans tend to distinguish reality and appearance. However, forms are more objective than material objectives, thus forms are more real than the material objects. One of the properties of the soul is eternity. Drawing from the unchanging property of forms, then it means that the soul never dies, nor does it ever begin. It t hen follows that the soul is immortal, and thus exists before and after the â€Å"birth† of the body. Question Two In the Apology, there are four charges against Socrates. First, Socrates faces accusation for studying things in the heavens and below the earth. Second, he tends to make the worst arguments into better arguments, thus persuading others to follow him and his beliefs. Third, he is guilty of corrupting young people, and fourth, he does not believe in the gods of the city. The charge against studying matters of the skies and the ground below contradicts Socrates position as an atheist. Matters of heavens and beneath the earth primarily focus on religious belief of individuals and the gods, thus countering Socrates’ position as an atheist. The basic definition of atheism is the lack of belief in deities. It thus follows that the first charge against Socrates contradicts his position as an atheist. The charge that Socrates turns the worst arguments into stronge r arguments identifies him with the Sophists. Sophists were a group of people with techniques of persuasion that enabled them to influence people to adopt their beliefs and points of view, despite their ignorance on the subject matter of the topic. Athenians accused Socrates of being a Sophist. The charges against corrupting the youth came from Meletus. According to him, Socrates was responsible for corrupting the minds of the youth in Athens.

Rhetoric of abraham lincoln Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Rhetoric of abraham lincoln - Essay Example Slavery and succession were threatening human freedom as well as American union. Therefore, without the turmoil that existed at the time, there would not have been exigency for such rhetoric and action. The following essay is a research paper that builds its argument through comparative analysis of various sources of information on the rhetoric of Abraham Lincoln. Analysis of Lincoln’s rhetoric has led to varied opinions among scholars concerning his literary skills as well as his leadership qualities. Such scholars include Mark Neely, Jr., who is a Lincoln scholar and a Pulitzer Prize winning historian. The other is David Herbert Donald, who is a leading American historian of  Abraham Lincoln  and the Civil War. Neely views Lincoln as reactive and subject to changing events, while Donald sees Lincoln as purposeful and strategic. (1) (2) Donald asserted that Lincoln’s failure to respond and instead choosing to apply passivity was a political strategy. Donald Elabora ted, â€Å"Repeatedly throughout the war, Lincoln’s passive policy worked politically. Because any action would offend somebody, he took as few actions as possible†3 According to Neely, the language that Lincoln uses in addressing Americans has attracted admiration, imitation wonder globally. His shaped his words in public letters, papers, and proclamations. This was meant to explain the purpose of the war and inspire commitment. His stylist success should not blind us to the rather limited nature of these communications. There was little awareness of propaganda in Lincoln or his era and only a rather limited one of shaping public opinion. The stylistic success of the rhetoric is limited to the past nature of such communications. There were no counteractive propaganda tendencies among the Americans that could distort or compromise his rhetoric. Propaganda and criticism spread in the twentieth century with the enhancement of the advertisement sector. His rhetoric prowes s is evident in his first inaugural speech. During his first inaugural speech he introduced the theme through attempting to allay fears of the southern states. His words show that he had dreaded for this moment. According to Salem (2008), he went straight into assuring people that their property would not be snatched as earlier anticipated.4 The speech also indicated that he had no intention of abolishing the slave trade. This declaration portrays him as a leader concerned on the impact of interpretation of the law among the public over addressing the slaves’ peril. The first inaugural speech portrays him as a person concerned about changing the public opinion through making promises that would win their support. He had promised the states that they would be given the freedom to run their internal affairs which did not happen. A closer analysis of the speech confirms that he supported a unified nation and not a government made of independent states. The speech clearly brings out his secession fear and preservation of the unity government. However, he intended to uphold the government union without violence. His rhetoric goal was not only to express himself through the use of complicated grammar, but also capture the attention of the audience. Paying attention helps the audience to get an insight of the message being delivered. Lincoln denied of the existence of any differences between the Southerners and Northerners. 5This was meant to encourage people live in unity as equal residents of one nation. Some parts of the speech were

I Am Legend Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

I Am Legend - Essay Example Neville keeps sending radio messages to track any survivors as he continues with his research, his only companion being his German shepherd. The vampires keep hunting for him but he eventually manages to trace two more humans that are normal and finds an antidote for the virus. This paper is a review of the film Am a Legend directed by Francis Lawrence and scripted from Richard Mathesons 1954 novel  bearing the same title. The film shows some unwillingness to venture preceding happenings and offers limited portrayal of issues like bioethics. The film somehow portrays the  dangers  that modern scientific research practices may pose to the future of humankind. Most current researchers especially in the medical division carryout a lot of drug trials using human subjects as guinea pigs believing that such actions cannot result in pandemic since the researches are meant to help people. To them, the film is mere fiction and full of utopian ideologies. However, the movie can be considered both utopian and dystopian at the same time. It is Utopian when it depicts Neville as a legend who is immune to the disasters that wipe out everybody else. The dystopian aspect is demonstrated by the unimaginable circumstances faced by the actors, or the entire New York (Matheson 22-30; Scott Web; Jolin Web). The movie somewhat puts forward the impacts that modern medical practices such as genetically modified crops which are susceptible to gene mutation could cause. Pandemics such food insecurity, which could result are capable of wiping out a large percentage of the population like in the film, which is not fiction (Adams Web). Other researches such as in biotech which entail experimenting with human genome in the attempt to create drugs aimed at altering human genome so as to cure diseases could result into a dystopian world (Adams Web). The film depicts a lot about our future. Human might not turn

Rhetoric of abraham lincoln Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Rhetoric of abraham lincoln - Essay Example Slavery and succession were threatening human freedom as well as American union. Therefore, without the turmoil that existed at the time, there would not have been exigency for such rhetoric and action. The following essay is a research paper that builds its argument through comparative analysis of various sources of information on the rhetoric of Abraham Lincoln. Analysis of Lincoln’s rhetoric has led to varied opinions among scholars concerning his literary skills as well as his leadership qualities. Such scholars include Mark Neely, Jr., who is a Lincoln scholar and a Pulitzer Prize winning historian. The other is David Herbert Donald, who is a leading American historian of  Abraham Lincoln  and the Civil War. Neely views Lincoln as reactive and subject to changing events, while Donald sees Lincoln as purposeful and strategic. (1) (2) Donald asserted that Lincoln’s failure to respond and instead choosing to apply passivity was a political strategy. Donald Elabora ted, â€Å"Repeatedly throughout the war, Lincoln’s passive policy worked politically. Because any action would offend somebody, he took as few actions as possible†3 According to Neely, the language that Lincoln uses in addressing Americans has attracted admiration, imitation wonder globally. His shaped his words in public letters, papers, and proclamations. This was meant to explain the purpose of the war and inspire commitment. His stylist success should not blind us to the rather limited nature of these communications. There was little awareness of propaganda in Lincoln or his era and only a rather limited one of shaping public opinion. The stylistic success of the rhetoric is limited to the past nature of such communications. There were no counteractive propaganda tendencies among the Americans that could distort or compromise his rhetoric. Propaganda and criticism spread in the twentieth century with the enhancement of the advertisement sector. His rhetoric prowes s is evident in his first inaugural speech. During his first inaugural speech he introduced the theme through attempting to allay fears of the southern states. His words show that he had dreaded for this moment. According to Salem (2008), he went straight into assuring people that their property would not be snatched as earlier anticipated.4 The speech also indicated that he had no intention of abolishing the slave trade. This declaration portrays him as a leader concerned on the impact of interpretation of the law among the public over addressing the slaves’ peril. The first inaugural speech portrays him as a person concerned about changing the public opinion through making promises that would win their support. He had promised the states that they would be given the freedom to run their internal affairs which did not happen. A closer analysis of the speech confirms that he supported a unified nation and not a government made of independent states. The speech clearly brings out his secession fear and preservation of the unity government. However, he intended to uphold the government union without violence. His rhetoric goal was not only to express himself through the use of complicated grammar, but also capture the attention of the audience. Paying attention helps the audience to get an insight of the message being delivered. Lincoln denied of the existence of any differences between the Southerners and Northerners. 5This was meant to encourage people live in unity as equal residents of one nation. Some parts of the speech were

The trial and death of socrates (book by Plato) Essay

The trial and death of socrates (book by Plato) - Essay Example Having lived at the end of the Golden Age, Socrates arose as a response to the structural changes occurring within the city at that time. Living a very simple life by sacrificing wealth and politics, Socrates decided to stay among the common people of Athens to challenge everyone’s intellects. In this way, he became a founder of philosophy: choosing instead to look at the nature of knowledge, instead of what can best be said to belong to our current state of knowledge. Socrates is the protagonist of the Apology and the Crito. Although he is a simple man, he is presented to the jury in Athens as a man of great intellectual power, despite his claim that he in fact knows nothing. Despite his common appearance, Socrates is interested in investigating ethical matters, particularly those related to the state and, in this case, related to why the city identifies him as a troublesome element. In the death scene of the Phaedo (115b-118a), Socrates demonstrates himself to be accepting o f his fate, which he resigns to accept in the Crito (49b10-11). In the Phaedo, Crito asks Socrates how he would like to be buried, to which he responds, â€Å"In any way that you like; only you must get hold of me, and take care that I do not walk away from you† (115c). In the face of execution, Socrates retains his old-timey kind of charm and joking demeanor. This kind of joke is also meant to represent his lack of respect for the system that has found him guilty of trumped-up charges, even though he has committed himself to follow the dictates of the court. In the time leading up to his execution, Socrates engages in this dialogue with Crito, during which Crito remarks on his admiration of Socrates’ level-headedness in defending himself against the threat of death (43a). Socrates, having no knowledge of this person, does not react unkindly to his guests and admits that because of his advanced age, he will not react too strongly to such a situation. Crito then tells S ocrates that he has come at this early hour to give him the opportunity to escape, which creates a philosophical and a practical problem for Socrates, who disagrees with the outcome of the trial and their sentence, but at the same time does not want to disregard the nature of the relationship between man and state. Crito’s appeals to Socrates are moral in nature, such that they appeal to his virtues. For instance, Crito remarks that not fleeing from an unjust death would be cowardly in the face of injustice (45d). Socrates has, according to Crito, an obligation to his children that he would not respect if he voluntarily remains in his cell and receives an execution. Socrates demonstrates the nature of his character by not responding to the practical problem that Crito has posed. By offering him a way out, Crito has made remaining in his cell a voluntary act on the eve of execution. In response, Socrates expresses his disrespect for people who do not act rationally and that be cause he has virtues, such as the ability to recognize justice, he is electing to stay in his cell (47c). He is not thinking about the goods that typical Athenian men, like those who brought him to trial, think about: money, reputation, and political stance. These external goods are the values of those men who do

Final global business plan Essay Example for Free

Final global business plan Essay The ASEAN was founded in 1967 to promote the alliances of the countries in Southeast Asia. The current members of the ASEAN are the Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Indonesia, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam (ASEAN, 2010) Physical Environment The physical environment of Southeast Asia is primarily a warm climate other than the high elevation areas (Andaya, 2009). The physical environment also differs from the ocean and jungle geographical areas. A primary concern within the physical environment is the availability of safe drinking water in many areas of Southeast Asia and the air quality. Political Stability The political stability within Southwest Asia is very questionable in many areas of the region due to the terrorist activities; however with the support of the U.S. and other countries the threat is reduced just not eliminated. A scoring system was used to evaluate the region based on data that was provided by AMB Country Risk Reports. The rating system is; One Very Low Risk, two Low Risk, three Moderate Risk, four High Risk, and five -Very High Risk. The country leads the region with are risk score of one is Singapore followed by Indonesia two, Malaysia and Thailand three, Philippines and Viet Nam 4. The Philippines and Viet Nam have significant political risks that need to be taken into consideration (A.M. Best, 2010). Economic Conditions The economic risks within major countries of Southeast Asia are moderate at best. In the recent economic downward trend Southeast Asia is seeing the effects the slowing economic trend with their major trading partners the United States and Europe. The demands for exports are decreasing and forecasts for 2009-2010 expect this trend to continue (A.M. Best, 2010). A scoring system was used to evaluate the region based on data that was provided by AMB Country Risk Reports the rating system is; One Very Low Risk, two Low Risk, three Moderate Risk, four High Risk, and five -Very High Risk.† The country leads the region with are risk score of one is Singapore, followed by Indonesia two, Malaysia and Thailand three, Philippines and Viet Nam four. The Philippines and Viet Nam have significant economic risks that need to be taken into consideration (A.M. Best, 2010). Financial Options and Risks The financial system within the Southeast Asia region indicates a moderate to high risk on average other than the country of Singapore. As the global economy tightens credit requirements, this can have a significant impact on the financial stability in the region (Country Risk, 2010). A scoring system was used to evaluate the region based on data that was provided by AMB Country Risk Reports. The rating system is; One Very Low Risk, two Low Risk, three Moderate Risk, four High Risk, and five -Very High Risk. The country leads the region with are risk score of one is Singapore, followed by, Malaysia and Thailand three, Philippines and Indonesia four, and Viet Nam- five. The Philippines, Indonesia, and Viet Nam have significant financial risks that need to be taken into consideration (A.M. Best, 2010). Political stability There is a constant threat of terrorism according to the U.S. Department of State diplomacy in action website: http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2794.htm, but the political stability is stable because of the continued efforts of the U.S. and other international entities such as the International Monitoring team. Economic conditions The economic conditions are stable; the Philippine government has been working over the past few years to reduce its deficits down to 0.2% of the GDP (Gross Domestic Product) and is continuously working to balance its budget. Finance options available According to an article Philippines: Types of Business Organizations that Foreign Investors may Establish in the Philippines there are several financial options available that are: These include the establishment by a foreign corporation of a (i) local subsidiary through a domestic corporation, (ii) a branch office, (iii) a representative office, (iv) a regional or area headquarters, or (v) a regional operating headquarters. Entry into the Philippines can also be achieved through joint ventures with other domestic corporations (Manalastas, and Guinto, 2000). Physical environment and its affect on trade The locality of the Philippines creates some environmental issues that needs to be taken into consideration there are three main issues the first two are seasonal; the typhoon season from June through November, the monsoon rain season from July through December. The third issue that is unpredictable is the volcanic eruptions that can happen at any time (The Philippines, 2010). Social, health, and environmental conditions The majority of the Philippine people do live in poverty and the mortality rate for babies is high; however the health care is improving the Philippines have been recognized for eliminating Polio (The Philippines, 2010). Although there is a pollution problem, the government of the Philippines is stepping in to help reduce pollution by enacting and enforcing laws that actually is helping clean up their environment. Cultural considerations When doing business in the Philippines there is a couple of cultural consideration to keep in mind such as it is unacceptable behavior to correct a person in public, to cause a person to lose face by refusing or saying no to a person, and do not accept an invitation to a family meal when first asked, if the invitation is asked a second time then it is all right to accept (The Philippines, 2010). Organizational Description Apple Computer, Inc. is headquartered in Cupertino, California. The company is a worldwide producer, designs, markets, manufactures computers, digital music and video players. Founded on April 1, 1976 by Steve Wozniak, Steve Jobs, and Ron Wayne, apple sells to all consumers small, mid-sized, and large businesses. The company sells its products through retail stores, online stores, and also third party wholesalers. The increase in awareness of value of the internet, and convenience it gives to its users will soon bring more to the table for the Philippines. Since the internet has been a big expansion for many markets many businesses have found use to this to expand their business overseas. Since 2000 to 2009 the internet usage has gone up from 2,000,000 (2.6%) to 24,000,000 (24.5%) in the Philippines. Apple’s line of digital music players has taken advantage by providing iPod users to download digital music files to their iPods. Apple Inc., sales a line of iPod digital music and video players to both the Windows and Mac users that also provides online services that can, as described in this article Reuters Profile: Apple INC. (AAPL.O) which states; â€Å"distribute third-party music, audio books, music videos, television shows, movies, podcasts, and applications† (Reuters, 2010), through the iTunes Store. ITunes is a digital music application for downloading and playing digital audio and video files. Since Philippines have about 24,000,000 internet users as of June 2009 which is about 24.5% of the population in the Philippines there is potential growth for this market to grow. With new information about Netflix possibly signing an agreement with Apple Inc. sales can possibly increase since there will be more possibilities for iPod users to download through Netflix servers. Risk Analysis Week 3 The purpose of this document is to analyze the risks that are involved in establishing a global business operation in a foreign country of the Philippines. The document will detail the risks of introducing Apple Incorporated and the iPod to the Philippines. The risks that will be covered include political risks, legal risks, exchange rate financial risks, and taxation risks. The document will also detail a variety of additional risks, specific marketing strategies and performance measurement that will impact the overall success of Apple Incorporated within the country of the Philippines. Political/Legal/Regulatory risks The Philippines is a bureaucratic country. It has a complex network of regulations, permissions, procedures, and authorities with approval procedures. Many of these restrictions are designed to bar off newcomers entering the country’s existing industries. This will not be the case for Apple Inc. The political, legal, and regulatory risks of opening an Apple store in the Philippines vary. Apple’s plan is to acquire an existing retail store and moving under the Apple brand. Even though the political risk is high Apple Inc. is in no way threatening to the political climate in the Philippines. The Philippines has been working in developing relationships with neighboring countries, â€Å"build close ties with neighboring countries in Southeast Asia through the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)† (A.M. Best Company, Inc, 2009).Legally, the risk associated with opening the store could be great, and the company must make sure it is in compliance with rules and regulations regarding the opening and operation of the store. The most immediate regulatory risk to business is because of mandated price agreements used by the government to combat inflation. Apple Inc. sees Philippines as a country poised for a great economic turn-around in the Internet and electronics market. Indicators such as World Stats forecast that the country is on a steady uphill swing. Exchange/ Repatriation of Funds Risks Exchange rates and repatriation of funds needs to be considered with Apple opening a store in the Philippines. Philippines are very open to foreign investors as a way to grow the local economy. However on January 2007, in an ongoing effort to promote two key goals, â€Å"the Philippine government has issued the Seventh Regular Foreign Investment Negative List† (Baleva, 2007), protecting domestic industries and encouraging foreign investors to participate in certain areas of enterprise. Pricing will also be a factor if the company bases there pricing by US standards. Exchange rate on US dollars to Pesos needs to factor in. Competitive Risk Assessment Apple’s key competitors are already doing business in the Philippines and creating a strong and profitable presence. Competitors such as Sony, Samsung, and Sansa have been doing business in the Philippines for many years. Apple’s target entrance into the market will give consumers more options and encourage more competition within the market. Taxation/Double Taxation Risks The agreement of double taxation outlines what taxes are covered, defines who the parties are and the context of the agreement and itemizes what is covered under the agreement. Underlining the rules under which a business’ profits are taxed and when double taxation comes into action. The double taxation agreement defines the establishment of permanent residence, which Apple Inc. would seek to have by opening a store in the country on a permanent basis. HM revenue customs defines permanent establishment as, â€Å"a fixed place of business in which the business of the enterprise is wholly or partly carried on† (HM Revenue Customs, n.d.). Based on the information contained in the agreement it is possible that Apple will be possibly doubled taxed. Market risks (four Ps price, place, promotion, and product) One of the risks that every business needs to address when selling their product in a foreign country is pricing the product to high that only a small portion of customers can afford to buy the product. According to the article Manila’s living costs, wages among the lowest it states; â€Å"To illustrate, workers in Zurich are paid $22.60 per hour ($30.30 gross), while workers in Geneva are paid $20.40 per hour ($29.20 gross)—a far cry from what average workers in Manila are paid: $1.40 per hour ($1.60 gross)† (Victoria, 2009). One of the ways to address this issue is to buy in large quantity, so that cost can be driven down. Currently the Philippines is experiencing a power crisis, which is a risk within itself in the article Philippines power at crisis point of the Asian Times it states; â€Å"Recent electricity outages in the Philippines has sparked concern that the country is on its way to its second power crisis in 20 years† (Rubrico, 2010). If there is no electricity, it will be hard to sell iPods to customers especially in the dark. Our company can purchase generators that can be used during the power outages. The Ipods are very popular and expensive in the Philippines, which has created a market of iPod thieves. According to Davao Today article iPod Thieves on the Rise in RP that states; â€Å"iPods may now be joining wallets and mobile phones as attractive targets for thieves and pickpockets† (No author mentioned, 2010). Train both employees and customers how to avoid being a victim, this will show the customers we just don’t think of them as a sale but as a person. Marketing Research Approach The marketing research approach for the Apple Store is a five step process that includes defining potential problems, developing a research plan, collecting relevant information by specifying data, developing findings, and taking marketing actions based on the analysis of data findings (Marketing Research, 2006). The research objectives will be to determine if there is a demand for the products offered by the Apple Store. The research plan will consist of surveying a minimum of 1,000 to 2,000 consumers in the target region of the Philippines. Contact information will be gathered to later obtain positive or negative feedback on the products that are offered by the Apple Store. An online survey will also be conducted through the Apple Store via the internet. This will assist in later developing marketing strategies applicable to the products offer by the Apple Store that are in demand in the target region. Some types of questions that will be asked during the Apple Store survey are as follows: 1) What is your age? 2) What is your gender? 3) Would you purchase the products offered by the Apple Store? 4) What did you like about the product? 5) What did you dislike about the product? 6.) Was the product easy to use? 7.) What would you change about the product, if anything? 8.) Will you continue to use the product? 9.) Would you recommend the product to a friend? 10.) What would you consider a fair price for the product? Apple Store Marketing Mix The marketing mix of product, price, place, and promotion is a crucial part of the introduction of the products being offered at the proposed Apple Store. A strong strategic marketing plan developed by the marketing team will assist the Apple Store in getting of to a positive start. The products offered by the Apple Store will include all items that a consumer can purchase through the on-line Apple Store web address http://store.apple.com/ph. The products include the wide variety of iPod products, iPhones, and Mac products. The physical location of the Apple Store needs to be in a high traffic public area that will attract many customers. The pricing strategy of the products offered at the Apple Store in the Philippines will targeted to under cut the competition in the region during the first 6 months of operation while still maintaining reasonable profit margins on the Apple Store products. This strategy will help in initially establishing the presence of the Apple Store in the target region. Apple Store executives will consistently monitor the progress of the Apple Store in the Philippines during the first 6 months of operations and recommend solutions to any potential risks that come up during this time period. After the first 6 months of operation in the region the product pricing strategy will be revisited. The location of the Apple Store will be critical to the overall financial success of the business. The attributes that are desirable for the physical location of the Apple Store include a highly visible location with heavy consumer traffic. An additional attribute is needs to be considered is the location of the store will be easily accessible for ease of the distribution channels to replenish inventory needs with minimal risk. In selecting a location with these attributes the Apple Store will have a higher probability of meeting or exceeding business goals and objectives. The strategic marketing plan will identify specific dates that will provide the best dates for a promotional sale grand opening of the Apple Store in the Philippines. To start the promotional period the marketing team will start advertising the grand opening of the Apple store several weeks prior to the grand opening. Apple Store products will be advertised by using magazine ads, internet and television spots, and any other means of promotion detailed as a strong promotional tactic in the region. The marketing team will need to pay close attention to see how quickly the product inventory will move from the shelves during the first few weeks of operation if the Apple Store is approved for implementation in the Philippines. The marketing strategy also needs to verify that there is sufficient demand for the Apple Store products. Distribution and supply chain risks There are a few items that make distribution and supply risky in the Philippines, as stated in the Spend Matters article Apple’s Risky iPod Supply Chain; What types of risk? Well, try an active volcano located less than 20 miles away, proximity within an earthquake zone (which makes San Francisco’s seismic activity look tame), and the very real threat of tropic storms and typhoons. And thats not even considering that the area around the plants is subject to regular flooding from storm water, blocking ingress of people and egress of goods [the factories] even sends people home early when a serious storm is forecast, because of the risk that the roads will be impassable.† (Busch, J. 2006) No one can prevent Mother Nature from happening, but we can be prepared by staying updated on the weather reports and staying alert to nature’s surroundings. By staying prepared and knowing what to do in the event of a natural disaster, will prevent personal injuries to emp loyees and customers as well as minimizing damages to our product. Distribution Channel Management The marketing team will perform extensive research before the introduction of the Apple Store begins business operations in the Philippines. Determining a reliable distribution channel in a global business operation is an important formula for success. The main distribution channel will start in the United States and products will be distributed to the Philippines based on inventory needs transmitted through an electronic data base. The distribution of the Apple Store products from shipping destination within the Philippines to the Apple store location is an addition characteristic that needs to be considered because of the threat of theft that exists within the target country. Once the store headquarters has been established then logistics such as shipping, receiving, and storage in smaller warehouses will be considered based on distribution risk factors have been evaluated. One prime objective of the Apple Store in the Philippines is to meet or exceed our customers’ needs. Physical and environmental challenges to entering and operating in a target market There are several physical and environmental challenges when operating a business in the Philippines, some of the physical challenges include political unrest, corruption, terrorism, and extortion these are just a few that needs to be address. The environmental challenges include pollution (water and air), natural disasters (volcano eruptions and flooding), unemployment according to Index munbdi: Philippines unemployment rate that shows for 2010 to be an estimated 7.5% (No author mentioned, 2010). Staying informed is key to handling these types of risks, some things can be handled by local authorities and others will have to be dealt with the best way possible depending on the situation. Social and cultural risks In the social and cultural circle, the risk of misunderstanding in many categories is very easily done such as those listed in the article Centre for intercultural learning: Cultural Information Philippines that are: â€Å"Conversation, Communications Styles, Display of Emotions, Dress, Punctuality, Formality, and Decision Making† (No author mentioned, 2009). Not knowing how to address each of these items can lead to offending the Filipino people, which will cause problems in doing business in the community. Common sense and proper communications will just about handle each of these risk, also by participating in community events and helping the community during a time of crisis will promote unity between the company and the local people. Cyber or Technology Stealing technology and cyber attacks are a big risks, the government of the Philippines still needs to catch up the laws concerning today’s technology. In the article, Experts Call for Stringent Laws against Cyber Crime in Philippines states that; â€Å"The security researchers states that these kinds of e-mail attacks occur more commonly across the Philippines since there arent any cyber crime laws in the country to catch and prosecute Internet criminals, particularly e-mail fraudsters† (No author mentioned, 2010). Common sense applies to these risks as well, making sure that our computer systems maintain the most recent updates on security programs and training the employees to never give out passwords and shut down the computer every night before going home are just some suggestions that will prevent problems down the road. Define and clarify mission and objectives The Mission Statement of Apple Incorporated will remain the same as researches through multiple sources according to Investor Relation of Apple (located on the FAQ page) it states that; Apple ignited the personal computer revolution in the 1970s with the Apple II and reinvented the personal computer in the 1980s with the Macintosh. Today, Apple continues to lead the industry in innovation with its award-winning computers, OS X operating system and iLife and professional applications. Apple is also spearheading the digital media revolution with its iPod portable music and video players and iTunes online store, and has entered the mobile phone market this year with its revolutionary iPhone (Apple-History, 2010 6). Philippines Internet use has grown remarkably throughout the years. Internet World Stats estimated as of March 2009, there are 20.6 million Internet users coming to about 21.5% of the entire population in the Philippines. Apple Inc. has selected the Philippines to begin expansion providing stores and Internet downloading over the web for users to download digital audio, video, and podcast files. The primary business objective is to establish a 15% profit margin in the first year of operation within the Philippines. In each subsequent year after the first a 5% increase to the profit margin has been established as a goal until the profit margin reaches a 30%. Additional objectives include obtaining a 10% market share of the products offered by Apple Incorporated and a 4% increase per year over the next 3 years. Customer satisfaction has also been established at a target percentage of 97%. SWOTT Analysis SWOTT analysis is a useful tool to determine the strengths, weaknesses. Opportunities and threats that exist within a global business entity or region are being evaluated for risk factors. The team has developed a SWOTT analysis for the target region to identify these factors prior to engaging in any business operation within the Philippines. This will assist the team in identifying key characteristics in the structure and development of Apple Incorporated within the Philippines. Current Competitors Competitive Landscape The competitive landscape for Apple Store are the following companies that have a strong hold on a large portion of the population that Apple Store will have to compete with in the global market place. These companies manufacture similar technology devices that Apple Store is competing for to increase global market share. Their products are known throughout the global technology market where competition is extremely competitive. Competitors’ of the Apple Store include Dell Incorporated, Hewlett Packard, and Gateway. The engineering development of new improved technology will assist the Apple Store in gaining competitive advantage over the competitors. Customer satisfaction is a primary objective at the Apple Store. A recent survey conducted in 2008 by the University of Michigan named the American Customer Satisfaction Index ACSI indicated that Apple had a ten point advantage over its closest competitor (Computerworld, 2010). The Apple Store that is being considered in the Philippines will have the same target goal in reference to customer satisfaction in the target region. Strategy Selection The strategy selection of Apple Incorporated is to establish a base store that strategically reports back sales results and inventory needs to a home base location within the United States electronically. The strategy of the company will be to promote the iPod through lower price cost structures than existing competitors. The company will also launch a marketing campaign to promote this strategy through established marketing structures that exist within the Philippenes. This will assist Apple Incorporated in notifying consumers of company existence in the region while promoting our lower priced product. The mode of entry to develop Apple Incorporated to enter the Phillipenes will be the direct investment mode. Apple Incorporated will be establishing a location within the country and then based on all business results will determine if additional locations within the country are needed to meet customer demand. Advantages of this mode of entry include high sales potential, low political risk, and the company could be viwed as an insider (Quick MBA, 2010). Because of some of the high risk elements that exist within the Philippenes Apple Incorporated will need to be cautious by limiting the amount capital that the company will spend in the direct investment mode. Control and Evaluation Specific measures will be monitored on a weekly basis to track the progress and continous improvement opportunities that exist to set up operations within the Phillipenes. The key characteristics that impact overall business results will be evaltated to establish a proactive approach to issues that will have an impact these results. The key characteristics will include sales, inventory, taxes, and process limitations. This will assist Apple Incorporated in providing a quick responsive action to any underlying problems that need to be resolved. Sales goals and profit margins will also be evaluated to determine the overall success within the Phillipenes. Contigency Plan Apple Incorporated will need a contigency plan to account for risk factors that have some probability of resulting in business profitability not reaching overall expectations. The contigency plan that Apple Incorporated has in place consists of closing the existing store if business objectives are not achieved with leaving options open for changing the mode of entry into the Phillipenes to exporting the product through established distribution channels. This contigency plan still allows the company to establish sales within the Phillipenes while reducing investment risk. Financial Overview Apple has the possibility for a strong financial investment in the expansion into the Philippines. The risks associated with the investment into the Philippines do not outweigh the benefits that can realistically be achieved. After thoroughly researching the Pilipino market, the Ayala Group, one of the largest firms in the Philippines is supposedly involved in a project to put up an official Apple store in the Philippines (Technograph, 2009). This is beneficial because less money will have to be invested in research and development, as well as marketing and advertising since the organization is already known throughout the Philippines. The economy in the Philippines has not shown extreme changes or any sudden implications that the economy is getting stronger. The Philippine GDP for the year 2009 has barely risen 1% but has, â€Å"weathered the 2008-09 global recessions better than its regional peers due to minimal exposure to securities issued by troubled global financial institutions† (index mundi, 2008). Operating Expenses As projected for expenses for one apple store, the budget chart shows total operating expenses at $5, 482 and operating income at $11,740 and other income and expenses at $326. There are many providers that impact operating expenses such as utilities, taxes, and advertisement. Apple has projected a total operating expense at $5,482 for one apple store. When assembling a budget chart, it is essential to take into account all factors to properly manage a business. It is important to trust that focused investments in Research and Development (RD) are significant to a company’s future competitive and expansion position in a foreign market and are directed towards the development of new and improved products that are central to the company’s core business strategy. As such, Apple expects to make further investments in RD to expand and remain competitive in the Filipino market. Other factors of influence that can help expand Apple into the foreign market, is the company’s persistent expansion of its retail division in both international and domestic markets, top stock-based return expenses and higher spending on marketing and advertising (Apple Investor 2010). The chart below shows the estimated monthly general budget of the operation of one store in the Philippines, providing that the decision is made to proceed with the plans to set up and begin operations. This is a rough estimate, because of the many factors that may and will fluctuate either in a positive or negative way can cause a change on the expense side, however the further we proceed the more accurate our budget will become. Financial Overview General Budget Foreign Exchange Risk Studies have found that many Asian-Pacific businesses are exposed to one or more of the world’s major currencies: the Euro, the US dollar, the British pound, and the Japanese Yen. Some of the greatest dangers were produce by fluctuations in the US dollar. This impacted 58 percent in the Philippines, â€Å"currency fluctuations affected the profitability of companies whose financial assets and liabilities (most notably debt) were held in foreign currencies† (Vanderbilt, 2007). When choosing to invest in the Philippines, the foreign exchange risks associated with business ventures are significant because of an Asian financial crisis during (1996-1998), â€Å"more than half of the studied companies in Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia and the Philippines, and about a third of those in Japan and Singapore, were exposed to the dollar, and about a quarter of the firms in Singapore were exposed to the yen† (Vanderbilt, 2007). Risk Management Transaction risk refers to the fact that the cash flow value of foreign currency contracts may change due to exchange rate fluctuations. Additionally, since the organization will be buying and selling goods in foreign currency to a certain extent, the foreign exchange risk increases. The potential negative aspects associated with doing business in the Philippines are significant since the business will be using Filipino Pesos, which has an inflation rate of 4.4 percent. As a result, there is a risk that the exchange rate as with any currency may change unfavorably before the currency is actually exchanged. However, these risks can be counteracted by utilizing forward hedging, which is a way to lock in an exchange rate on an agreed future date. This will allow the organization to be completely aware of future cash inflows and outflows, as well as the value of the organization’s profits in US currency since the exchange rate will not change due to the purchase of forward hedging. Financing Given the current international economic instability, the choice of choosing from domestic or international financing is tough because there are significant risks associated with each. The European Investment Bank (EIB) has offered financing opportunities to the Philippines; currently the EIB has one billion euro allocations in 18 Asian countries including the Philippines. If the company chooses to move forward with the international venture, the company would choose to finance through the EIB. The EIB, â€Å"has provided over 600 million euros in funding for multiple projects in the country coursed through the government and private sector† (European Chamber of Commerce of the Philippines, 2009). Centralized versus Decentral ized The parent company and its iPod department within the parent company, both works as a centralized organization because having an effective control is essential to the everyday operations for both the domestic and global sectors. It would be essential for the parent company to make the final decisions regarding all aspects of the company’s operation, because every unit and sub-unit such as manufacturing plant located in Mexico and the shipping department located in the U.S. of the company has to report all information of their daily operations to the parent company allowing the parent company to know what the left and right hand is doing basically at the same time and can make an informative decision for whatever situation may arise. Both the domestic and global units and sub-units operate as a decentralize company, because certain situations such as environmental changes, customer needs, or political unrest will cause problems and disrupt a part of the company operations or even all parts of the company operations these problems to be addressed immediately and cannot wait for the parent company on the other side of the world to make an informed decision, even if the problem had happened before at a different location because what may work domestically may not work globally and vice versa. When making an informed decision whether at the unit, sub-unit, or the parent company level there is a need for a communication chain of command, starting with the employee who is out in the field working upwards to the parent company which may be the CEO (chief executive officer) who usually has the authority to make final decisions that will affect the company or the owner if there is no CEO available. The line of communications should always remain open, in the event of a minor glitch or a major emergency. Regardless of the value of the information, if the line is broken then a decision cannot be made in a timely manner or may not be made at all causing a problem to grow bigger or missing a profitable opportunity. The communication chart below shows the chain of command from the field representative to the parent company, not all information will reach the top because some decisions can be made at lower levels, for example; the parent company should not be bothered with whether a field representative needs office supplies. Exit Strategies The future is unknown, even if there is a planned exit strategy years from now does not guarantee it will happen as planned. Depending on the situation that is either planned, forced or requires our business in the Philippines to implement its exit strategy would determine the best strategy to use. In the event of a political uprising or civil unrest that results in raising the level of possible war, then the shutting down procedure would be best since it involve very little (if any) paper work and is the fastest way for U.S. employees and their families to get out of the country. If there is no time at all complete abandonment might be forced, either course of action will involve a monetary loss. If time allows and there is no rush in exiting the Philippines, handing the business over to our joint venture partner would be the best, this exit does involve legal paper work and would minimize loss (if any), it would also leave the path open for possible future ventures back into the co untry based on a friendly and healthy transfer of the business. Recommendation The Philippine iPod risk analysis team recommends proceeding with entering the Philippines market. After the exhausting task of finding the risks of entering the country, we had found that the benefits (profits) do exceed the risks (costs) even during the economic troubles that the U.S. is currently experiencing. Although we are not the first iPod and iPhone Company to enter the Philippines market, we still can become a major player and take a large percentage of the market. With the Apple Company creating a direct store that basically eliminates the middle man and develops a presence in the area that shows the potential customer that they will get the original iPhone without the worry of receiving a fake and less dependable copycat, which is a major problem in this region. Having direct shipping, of iPhones and iPods from the parent company will help with the recovery costs and to make a profit quicker. The company will gain additional profits once the store becomes fully operational and service contracts are purchased by new customers. Finally with the current economic stability of the Philippines, this is a good time for Apple to enter into this market because like our domestic customers love to have the latest technology, the Filipinos consumers also love to have the latest technology too. Because no other local company can offer the security or the guarantee of authenticity of the iPhone products, this gives our company a very unique position in the Philippine market. The company will be experiencing and dealing with many issues brought up by our customer base, because of the one on one contact with the customers this will help our operation on a global level allowing our technical department to learn from these new problems and coming up with new solutions this will make our product better and easier to sale globally. Conclusion In analyzing the risks invoved with Apple Incorporated conducting business within the Philippines the company will be in a better position to achieve the financial success. The process of risk assessment provides a clearer picture of the obstacles that need to be overcome within the Philipines. Strategic marketing plans can assist the company in establishing positive sales results in the target country. Electronic communication to proactively respond to business needs and issues will lead to satisfied customers. The initial mode of entry and an alternate mode of entry detailed in the contingency plan also indicate the company’s preparation. Establishing key business characteristcs to monitor on a regular basis will identify continous improvement opportunities for the company in conjuction with items identified in the SWOTT analysis. The combination of these critical factors will guide Apple Incorporated to make a more informative decision based on all the factual information c ollected. References Andaya, Barbara, 2009. Introduction to Southeast Asia. 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